摘要
本文研讨云南地区花关索跟闽北南戏神田都元帅类似之处,而引出中国基层社会潜在的儿童信仰使之然的结论。花关索与田都元帅都是红脸少年武将,其陪神为吹箫童子和接板仙师,率领强人之徒,其神格可说是全面相同。历史上,花关索在先,田元帅在后,后者借鉴于前者而成立。江西戏神清源妙道真君,虽然不是红脸,也是美貌少年,四川酉阳阳戏戏神刘阿斗也是红脸儿童,由此观之,各地戏神乃站在儿童信仰的基础上发展过来的。儿童是从神灵世界刚进入到人间世界的,保存神灵的因素较多,神灵容易附体,被人看作神圣的存在。南通有童子戏,闽南有乩童,都站在儿童为神圣这同一的观念上成立的,反映出中国原始的年龄阶层的看法。老人也比成人接近于神灵世界,土地神采取老人姿态也基于此。
This paper discusses the similarities between Hua Guansuo of Yunnan and Marshal Tiandu,the god of Nan Xi in Northern Fujian and thus,concludes that they results from the potential belief of children in Chinese grass-root society.Both Hua Guansuo and Marshal Tian Du are red-face young generals,accompanied by the flute boy and Jie Ban the Taoist priest,commanding a group of strongmen.They have common in their godship.Historically,Hua Guansuo was formed before Marshal Tiandu.Qing Yuanmiao,the Taoist priest,is a beautiful boy although not a red face,and Liu Adou,the god of Yang Xi in You Yang of Sichuan province,is a red face.Seeing from this,gods of different local Xi Ju evolved from the belief of children.Children have just been entering the secular world from the spirit world and,kept relatively much factors of spirits and could be easily possessed by gods,and so that are regarded as the existence of the sacred.No matter the Tongzi Xi in Nantong or Ji Tong,the spirit medium in Southern Fu Jian was formed on a basis of the identical concept that children are sacred,which reflects what the original Chinese ideas of ages are.Old men are also closer than adults to spirit world,so they are regarded as the Land of God.
出处
《文化遗产》
CSSCI
2012年第1期49-55,157-158,共7页
Cultural Heritage
