摘要
在地理信息系统 (GIS)中 ,点、线、面等基本图形要素不仅直接表示了各种地理现象 ,而且隐含地表示了地理现象的空间结构 ,例如斑块结构、棋盘结构。在许多GIS应用中 ,需要对图形数据进行概括处理 ,以派生出较小比例尺的数据集或地图。由于地理现象的空间结构是地理规律和地理景观格局的重要反映 ,因此需要识别数据库中隐含的空间结构 ,并在概括后的数据库中有意识地反映这种空间结构。
Spatial structural patterns are very important reformation inflecting regional characteristics. However, they are seldom explicitly expressed in geo-data bases. In order to express them in generalized maps derived from geo-data set, spatial structural units need to be identified beforehand. This involves in the classification, identification, description and generalization of spatial structural patterns. This paper includes three sections. The first two parts discuss the classification and identification of spatial structure patterns. Spatial distribution can be subdivided into three categories, i.e., point, linear, and areal phenomena, which can be further divided into uniform, agglomerate, or random point/areal patterns, and isolated, grouped, nested, dendriform, or netlike linear patterns. Spatial structural units can be identified by means of comparison between digital model and theoretic model, which are derived from geographical entity. Theoretic models of structural patterns are usually described by a group of parameters, such as polarity, linearity, and symmetry. The third section studies the method to generalize spatial structure of point, linear, and areal phenomena. Among point and areal distribution, clusters are the most important structural units. Clusters can be generalized by means of boundary adjustment and inner structure simplification. As for linear distribution, dendriform and netlike patterns are the most important units. The generalization of both of them involves in trunk lines selection and typification of characteristic patterns, which need to be dealt with different methods according to concrete situation.
出处
《地理研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第5期629-636,共8页
Geographical Research
关键词
空间结构
模式识别
地图概括
spatial structure
structure identification
map generalization
