摘要
目的探讨婴儿非胃肠道择期手术全麻前最佳的禁饮食时间。方法 将240例婴儿随机分为A、B、C、D四组,分别禁奶6、5、4、3 h,禁水4、3、2、1 h;观察各组婴儿术前哭闹时间、血糖值、体温、胃内潴留液量及脱水情况。结果四组婴儿术前哭闹时间、血糖值、体温、胃内潴留液量比较,差异均有显著性意义(均P<0.01)。哭闹时间A组显著长于其他三组(均P<0.01),C、D组显著短于A、B组(均P<0.01);血糖值均在正常范围;体温A、B组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),显著高于C、D组(均P<0.01),C、D组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);胃内潴留液量D组显著多于其他三组(均P<0.01);脱水A、B组分别发生18、15例,两组比较,差异无显著性意义,C、D组未发生脱水。结论 C组所采用的非胃肠道术前禁饮食时间(禁奶4 h,禁水2 h),既能保证术前胃排空,又可避免因禁饮食时间过长对机体造成不必要的生理代谢紊乱。
Objective To investigate the optimum fasting time before general anesthesia for non-gastrointestinal operation in infants. Methods Two hundred and fourty infants were randomly divided into group A, B, C and D, with each group undergoing different fasting time before general anesthesia. Group A, B, C and D were fasted from milk for 6, 5, 4, 3 hours and from water for 4, 3, 2, 1 hours respectively. The duration of crying, blood sugar, body temperature, amount of retention of gastric juice and the degree of dehydration were observed. Results There were significant differences among the four groups in the duration of crying, blood sugar, body temperature, amount of retention of gastric juice (all P<0. 01). The duration of crying in group A was significantly longer than the other three groups (all P<0. 01) and the crying duration in group C, D was significantly shorter than that of group A, B (all P<0. 01). Blood sugar levels in all groups were all in the normal range. There is no significant difference in body temperature between group A and B and between C and D (P> 0. 05). The body temperature in group A, B was significantly higher than that of group C, D (all P<0. 01). The amount of gastric juice retention in group D was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (all P<0. 01). 18 and 15 infants developed dehydration in group A and B, without significant difference found between the two groups. No one developed dehydration in both C and D. Conclusion The fasting time for group C for non-gastrointestinal operations (fast from milk for 4 h and from water for 2 h) can ensure the stomach emptying and avoid unnecessary metabolic disorders caused by protracted fasting.
关键词
婴儿
非胃肠道疾病
外科手术
全身麻醉
禁食
禁水
infant
non-gastrointestinal disease
surgical operation
general anesthesia
fasting
water deprivation
