摘要
平台用工是一个宽泛的概念,具有劳动法讨论意义的是组织型平台,包括基于劳动合同的模式和非基于劳动合同的模式,后者是法律关系定性争论的对象.此种非基于劳动合同的平台用工模式不同于常规劳动关系,在劳动过程中同时存在一定程度的平台控制与劳务提供者自主,不符合现有从属性标准,不成立劳动关系,在现行法中属于民事非典型合同中的混合合同.此种平台用工在当前"从属性劳动—独立性劳动"构成的"劳动二分法"框架下不能实现有效调整,给予劳务提供者的权益保障不足.问题的成因在于劳务提供者的学理定位是"类雇员",此种平台用工的本质是承揽合同社会化,属于"劳动二分法"下的制度空白地带.因此,应根据此种平台用工中劳务提供者的社会保护必要性,构建介于民法与劳动法之间的"类雇员"规范体系,推动法律对社会劳务给付的调整框架从"劳动二分法"向"劳动三分法"转型.
Platform employment is a broad concept.What is meaningful in the discussion of labor law is an organizational platform,including a model based on labor contracts and one on non-labor contracts.The latter is the object of qualitative disputes in legal relations.However,this non-labor contract-based platform employment model differs itself from conventional labor relations.There is a certain degree of platform control and labor provider autonomy in the labor process.It does not meet the existing subordination standards,as the labor relationship is not established.It is classified into the mixed contract in civil atypical contracts in the current law.This platform employment cannot be effectively adjusted under the framework of the"labor dichotomy"constituted by the current"subordinate labor-independent labor",as the rights and interests of labor providers are insufficiently protected.The cause of the problem lies in the academic positioning of labor service providers as"class employees",whilst the nature of such platform employment is the socialization of the contract,which belongs to the blank area of the system under the"labor dichotomy".Therefore,in accordance with the necessity of social protection for labor providers in the employment of such platforms,a normative system of"employees"between civil law and labor law should be constructed to promote the transition of the legal framework for adjusting social labor payment from the"labor dichotomy"to the"tripartite law of labor".
作者
王天玉
WANG Tianyu(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720)
出处
《中国劳动关系学院学报》
2024年第S01期224-240,共17页
Journal of China University of Labor Relations
基金
北京市社会科学基金项目“网约租车平台劳动关系认定问题研究”(项目编号:16FXC037)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
平台用工
劳动关系
类雇员
从属性
platform employment
labor relations
class employees
subordination
