摘要
政党制度作为现代代议制的核心,其功能的滞后与缺失是发展中国家政治转型面临的一大难题.从印尼20余年的民主实践来看,转型后曾占据主导地位的世俗政党呈现衰弱之势,而伊斯兰政党却能维持相对稳定的政治支持,原因在于二者构建方式与制度化发展路径不同.作为世俗政党代表的斗争民主党,在构建初期即形成以梅加瓦蒂为中心的权力结构,导致组织制度处于弱化状态,长期制度化发展走向僵化.与之相对,平衡的权力结构塑造了繁荣公正党的强组织制度和稳固的党群关系,其组织活力和政治影响力近年来得到显著提升.在政党制度化发展不断分化的情况下,如果印尼国内政治继续朝着保守化方向发展,未来可能面临民粹主义冲击民主制度、宗教力量侵蚀世俗体制的双重挑战.
As the core of the modem representative system,the malfunction of the political party system is a major problem in the political transition of developing countries.In the democatic practice in Indonesia for more than 20 years,the secular parties that once domina ted after the political transition shows a trend of weakening,while the Islamic parties could maintain relatively stable political support,which is because of their different paths of institutionalization.As the representative of the secular party,the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle(PDI-P)weakened the organizational system and became rigid in the long-term development of institutionalization due to its power structure centered on Megawati in the ear ly stage of party construction.In contrast,the balanced power structure has shaped the strong organizational system and solid party-mass relations of the Prosperous Justice Party(PKS),and its organizational vitality and political influence have been significantly improved in recent years.While the institutionalization level of political parties continues to diverge,Indonesia may face the dual challenges of populism attacking the democratic system and religion eroding the secular system in the future,if domestic politics continues to turn towards conserva tive.
作者
夏方波
XIA Fangbo(Department of International Relations and Institute for International and Area Studies,Tsinghua University,Beijing,China)
出处
《东南亚研究》
CSSCI
2021年第2期91-115,共27页
Southeast Asian Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“经济全球化波动的政治效应及中国的战略应对”(17ZDA169)
清华大学薛谋洪国际问题研究基金。
关键词
政治转型
政党组织学
政党制度化
权力结构
印度尼西亚
斗争民主党
繁荣公正党
Political Transition
Power Structure
Institutionalization
Indonesia
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Prosperous Justice Party
