摘要
全球兴起的民粹主义以及第三波民主化浪潮的颓势,启发我们反思西方代议制政体的内在机理.通过对20世纪民主理论的系统回顾,本文强调政治理论家和经验研究者更多地将注意力集中于代议制政体的政治授权部分,具体而言是政治竞争和政治参与,而没有对与政治授权一体两面的政治问责给予同等重视.本文主张将政治问责带回现代代表政治之中,并借此对这个模糊概念作出新的界定.具体而言,政治问责是政治代理人(政府)对政治委托人(民众)意志和利益服务的理想关系状态.政治问责与政治授权构成了现代代表政治的两大组成部分.作为代议制政体的压舱石,政治问责的缺失将引发民粹主义的兴起,乃至危及代议制政体的存续.政治问责的实现并非易事,需要制度和社会文化等多重保障.未来的民主理论和经验研究,应重点关注政治问责的实现条件和具体路径.
The rising tide of populism and the recession of the third wavc of democratization inspire US to reflect on the internal mechanism of representative democracy in the West.Through a systematic review of democratic theory in the 20th century,the paper emphasizes that political theorists and empirical researchers focus more on the competitive election rather than political accountability.At the same time,understanding political accountability in the context of modern representative politics also helps US define the ambiguous concept more clearly.Speci fically,political accountability is a state of ideal relationship between political principals(people)and political agents(government),in which the political agents serve the political principles well.Political representation and political accountability constitute the two major components of modern representative politics.Lack of political accountability will lead to the rise of populism and evcn subversion of representative democracy.Future studies on democratic theory and experience should focus on the conditions and speci fic paths for political accountability.
作者
胡鹏
张诗羽
Peng Hu;Shiyu Zhang
出处
《复旦政治学评论》
2019年第1期前插1-前插1,3-20,共18页
Fudan Political Science Review
基金
复旦大学社会科学高等研究院和复旦大学当代中国研究中心2017年“年度主题”研究项目
“上海市高峰学科建设”资助项目成果之一
关键词
西方代议制政体
政治问责
政治授权
委托代理关系
representative democracy
political accountability
competitive election
principle-agent relationship
