摘要
文学治疗是文学史中的医学文化现象,多出现在知识阶层和上流宫廷,大体经历了从子书阐发、文人自白、史书纪事到笔记小说演绎的发展过程。按疗救目的与病人需求的侧重不同,表现为明道以看破情志、养气以中和情志、教育以洗涤情志、抒情以泻导情志、审美以转移情志、娱乐以放松情志、服食以改易情志等七种方式。早期社会,疾病由巫者负责,后为医家分担,发展出药石与情志两种治疗策略。在巫与医的双重渗透下,以抒情言志为主的文学,被赋予治疗功能。此外,由于文与医具有社会干预与情志关怀的共通诉求,情志药石又超越生理范畴,延伸出道德讽谏与精神自救两大意义。人的精神心理问题古今相通,从传统文学疗愈中获取当代启发,有利于全面体认与发挥文学的应用性价值。
Literary therapy is a medical cultural phenomenon in the history of literature.It mainly occurs in the intellectual class and the upper-class court.It has experienced the development process from the interpretation of Sub-book,the confession of literati,the historical records to the interpretation of note novels.According to the different emphasis on the purpose of treatment and the needs of patients,it is manifested in seven ways:seeing through Tao to break emotions,nourishing Chi to neutralize emotions,education to wash emotions,lyricism to guide emotions,aesthetics to transfer emotions,entertainment to relax emotions,and eating to change emotions.In the early society,the witch was responsible for the disease,and then shared by the doctors.Two treatment strategies were developed:medicine and emotion.Under the double infiltration of witchcraft and medicine,literature based on expressing emotions is endowed with therapeutic function.What's more,since literature and medicine have the common demands of social intervention and emotional care,the emotional medicine stone transcends the physiological category and extends the two meanings of moral irony and spiritual self-help.The spiritual and psychological problems of human beings are interlinked in ancient and modern times.Obtaining contemporary enlightenment from the traditional literature therapy is conducive to fully understanding and exerting the applied value of literature.
出处
《古代文学理论研究》
2022年第2期70-94,共25页
Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory
关键词
文学治疗
情志药石
精神心理
医学原理
功能意义
literary therapy
emotional medicine stone
spiritual psychology
medical principle
function and significance
