摘要
明代中期,皇宫城池的内城始称紫禁城,区分内外,延续至今。内城的名称演变,如何发生?为何发生?本文在王剑英、李燮平的研究基础上,据制度条文与时人见闻,再探详情。本文的结论是:明初内城本无专名,从内皇城等长期泛称,到砖城、宫城等权宜俗称,到紫禁城及各变体等主流专称,所指逐渐明确、名称逐渐固定。明代中后期,内外城之间地带逐渐向民间开放,至万历时期,内城墙成为皇宫与外界的主要分界线,明初内外一体的观念逐渐让位于内外两重的观念。紫禁城之名,早在明代中期已见使用,遭逢万历时期与明清之际的外城开放、观念变革,由民间的主流俗称上升为官方的权威定名。
In the mid-Ming period,the inner city within the imperial palace fortifications adopted the name"the Forbidden City"and was divided into the inner court and the outer court.The name and division survive to this day.How did such evolvement happen and why?Based on the study of Wang Jianying and Li Xieping,this article again explores the details in accordance with institutional records and contemporary information.The conclusion is that no specific name was designated for the inner city in the early Ming period–starting from the long-time general term"inner imperial city",to expedient colloquial names such as"the brick city","the palace city",to the designated name"the Forbidden City"and its variations,the reference was gradually specified and regularized.In the mid and late Ming period,the areas between the inner and outer city were gradually open to the common people.During the Wanli reign(1573-1620),the inner city walls were regarded as the main boundary marking the premises of the imperial palace,and the idea of the unity of the inner and outer city gave way to their binary existence.The name of"the Forbidden City"had already appeared in the mid-Ming period literature,with the opening up of the outer city and the ideological transformation in the Wanli reign and the dynastic changes from the Ming to the Qing(1644-1911)dynasty,the originally colloquial"Forbidden City"was promoted to the official authoritative nomenclature.
出处
《故宫学刊》
2020年第1期-,共17页
Journal of Gugong Studies
关键词
明代
皇城
紫禁城
地名
Ming dynasty
Imperial city
The Forbidden City
Location names
