摘要
迄今为止,学术界研究沙船的著述数量众多,研究的问题涉及各个方面。本文认为:在“沙船”名称被普遍认定之前,作为沙船的船型已经出现和存在。沙船与上海沙船具有不同的含义:沙船指分布于长江口南北沿海,隶籍于南北各县所有的航海沙船;上海沙船则有广义和狭义两种理解。广义的上海沙船是指航运季节聚集于上海口岸的沙船,而不论这些沙船籍隶何州县;狭义的上海沙船是指船籍隶属于上海县的沙船。自上海开埠前的1800年至开埠后的1860年是上海沙船的全盛时期,其起始的标志是嘉庆年间北洋豆船的全面收泊上海口岸,中落的标志则是北洋“豆禁”的全面放开。上海沙船传统垄断地位的丧失以及在竞争中的败落表现为一个渐变的、起伏的历史过程。在这个过程中,沙船并未消失,更未绝迹,而是以十分顽强的方式在竞争的夹缝中维系并延续着自身的一席之地。
This article asserts that the northern junk already existed in physical form before the term was used to identify it.The terms“northern junk”and“Shanghai junk”have different meanings.The first refers to all of the junks sailing along the northern and southern shores of the Yangzi River mouth.“Shanghai junks,”on the other hand,could broadly include all of the junks gathered in Shanghai during the shipping season regardless of their affiliation.In a narrow sense,the term only refers to junks from Shanghai county.The period right before and after the opening of the treaty port,from 1800 to 1860,marked the heyday of the northern junks.It coincided with the ban on Manchurian soybean boats from north of China coming to Shanghai and ended with the completing opening of the soybean trade.The loss of the Shanghai junks’traditional monopoly was a gradual process,and,in the course of events,they struggled tenaciously to maintain their privileged position.
出处
《国家航海》
2023年第2期10-24,共15页
National Maritime Research
关键词
上海开埠
沙船
历史命运
The Opening of Shanghai
Northern Junk
Historical Destiny
