摘要
甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,油气行业是甲烷最大的人为排放源之一,多国政府和企业已经并正在推动甲烷减排。全球24家油气公司设立的甲烷减排目标既有相似之处,又在目标类型、目标时空边界、目标取值等方面存在诸多不同。多数企业制定独立的减排目标,少数企业将甲烷减排纳入总体温室气体减排目标。一部分公司设定了甲烷排放总量下降目标,一部分公司设定了排放强度控制目标,但是没有一家公司提出总量和强度双控目标。总量目标确定了排放上限,强度目标用于衡量企业排放控制水平。从资产权益类型、所在地域、产业链业务环节、排放源类型等角度来看,各个公司结合自身特点,确定不同的减排目标。有的公司是短期目标,有的是中期目标或者长期目标。国际能源署认为40%~50%是具有成本效益的总量减排目标。多数公司选择0.2%~0.25%作为排放强度目标取值。部分油气公司提前完成预设目标。制定甲烷减排目标主要包括"自下而上"和"自上而下"两种方式。
Methane is the world’s second largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide,and the oil and gas industry is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane emissions.Governments and companies in many countries have been and are pushing to reduce methane emissions.The methane reduction targets set by 24 oil and gas companies in the world are not only similar,but also different in terms of target types,target time-space boundaries,and target values.Most companies set separate emission reduction targets,while a few incorporated methane reductions into their overall greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.Some companies set absolute targets for total reduction of methane emissions,while others set intensity targets for emission intensity control,but none sets targets for both absolute emission and intensity control.The absolute emission target sets a cap on emissions and the intensity target is used to measure a company’s level of emissions control.From the perspective of the type of assets and interests,the location,the business links of the industrial chain,and the type of emission sources,each company determines different emission reduction targets based on its own characteristics.Some companies have short term goals and others have medium-or long-term goals.The IEA considers 40-50%to be a cost-effective overall reduction target.Most companies choose 0.2%-0.25%as the emission intensity target value and some oil and gas companies have met their targets ahead of schedule.Methane reduction targets mainly include such two approaches as"down-up"and"top-bottom".
出处
《国际石油经济》
2021年第4期12-20,共9页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
国际公司
石油天然气
甲烷减排
控制目标
总量目标
强度目标
比较
international companies
oil and gas
methane emission reduction
control targets
absolute emission targets
intensity targets
comparison
