摘要
行政往往具有单方、命令、强制、优先和刚性的特征,依法行政是其本色。行政若进行和解,则价值与风险共存。它除了具有降低行政成本和提高执法效率等正面功能外,但也可能放纵行政相对人的违法行为以及损害公共利益。除此之外,行政和解与依法行政、职权法定原则以及行政权不得任意处分和让渡之间存在着一定的紧张关系。2015年初,经国务院批准,我国证监会公布了《行政和解试点实施办法》(简称《行政和解办法》),并于同年3月29日起施行。这是我国第一次在制定法中规定行政和解制度。虽然行政和解在现代执法实践中运用得越来越多,也越来越广,并且其品格鲜明、功用特殊、成效显著,但其不规范、少依据、多争议的问题比较突出。尤其是行政和解的适用条件,行政和解金的监管和使用,行政和解中行政优先权的行使限度,行政和解协议的强制执行方式以及行政和解的诉讼审查结构等方面的问题也较为明显,故须将其纳入法治轨道加以规范地运用。
Administration often has the characteristics of unilaterality,order,compulsion,priority and rigidity,and administration according to law is its essence.If the administration reconciles,the value and risk coexist.Apart from its positive function of reducing administrative costs and enhancing law enforcement efficiency,it can also turn a deaf ear to the unlawful acts of administrative counterparts and undermine public interests.What’s more,administrative reconciliation is in discord with law enforcement administration,authority ruled by the law and no arbitrary punishment and transferring of executive powers.Approved by the State Council in early 2015,China Securities Regulatory Commission released the Implementation Measures for the Pilot Program of Administrative Reconciliation,and put into practice on March 29 in the same year,the first time that China stipulated administrative reconciliation in statutory law.In spite of the fact that administrative reconciliation,with distinctive characteristics,special functions and remarkable effectiveness,has been increasingly and widely applied to modern law enforcement practice,it is still plagued by a number of problems,such as lack of standardization,insufficient basis,many disputes,application conditions of administrative reconciliation,supervision and usage of administrative reconciliation payment,the limit of administrative priority exercise,mode of compulsory execution of administrative reconciliation agreement and litigation review structure.For these reasons,it is of great significance to bring it back on the track of rule of law and standardize its usage.
出处
《国家治理现代化研究》
2020年第1期227-266,276-277,共42页
Research on Modernization of State Governance
基金
中国法学会2018年度部级法学研究课题“行政和解的规范构建”阶段性研究成果(项目编号:CLS(2018)D32)
关键词
行政和解
行政和解协议
行政和解金行政
Administrative reconciliation
Administrative reconciliation agreement
Administrative reconciliation payment
