摘要
《礼记·礼运》大同思想在近现代中国大放异彩,为各派进步思潮所共同推崇。在各种大同思想的演绎中,从学术上来讲,康有为影响最大。在康有为看来,仁爱是大同社会理想的基础,仁的不断扩充,其完全实现就会通向大同社会。就思想资源来说,孟子与佛学对康有为的大同思想影响很大,他认为不忍之仁可以贯通所有的宗教精神。朴殷植是韩国近代爱国启蒙思想家,受康有为特别是梁启超影响较大,他也重视阐发大同社会理想,与康有为不大重视阳明学有所不同的是,朴殷植受近代日本阳明学的影响,非常推崇阳明学,着重从阳明万物一体之仁的角度来讲大同。小岛祐马是日本近现代著名思想家,他结合德国社会学家滕尼斯共同社会的思想来诠释孟子,认为孟子是伟大的社会学家;他通过阐发孟子的仁义思想来讲大同社会,认为道德觉悟是大同社会的重要根基。三人的大同思想都以仁爱为大同社会的基础,但是在具体阐发上又各有特色,共同构成了近现代东亚士人对人类美好理想社会的多元思考与探索。
The concept of“Great Harmony”(da tong大同)from the“Development of Ritual”(Liyun礼运)chapter of the“Records of Ritual”(Liji礼记)has flourished in Modern Chinese thought and has been highly esteemed among schools of progressive thought.Of the various interpretations of da tong,academically speaking,Kang Youwei’s had the greatest influence.In Kang Youwei’s view,benevolent love is the foundation of the ideal of da tong,and by continuously expanding benevolence,its complete realization will lead to a society of Great Harmony.In terms of intellectual resources,Mencius and Buddhism had a strong influence on Kang Youwei’s conception of da tong.He believed that commiserating benevolence can connect all religious beliefs.Park Eun-sik was a modern Korean thinker of the Patriotic Enlightenment movement who was greatly influenced by Kang Youwei and especially Liang Qichao.He also attached importance to elucidating the ideal of da tong.Unlike Kang,who did not attach much importance to the thought of the school of Wang Yangming,Park was influenced by modern Japanese Yangmingism and highly respected this school of thought,emphasizing the perspective of Wang Yangming’s conception of benevolence as“all things are of one body”(wan wu yi ti万物一体)in his discussion of da tong.Kojima Yuma is a famous modern Japanese thinker,who incorporated the concept of“community”from the German sociologist Ferdinand T9 nnies to interpret Mencius,believing Mencius to have been a great sociologist in his own right.He discussed the idea of a society of Great Harmony by elucidating Mencius’s conception of“benevolence and righteousness”(ren yi仁义),believing that moral consciousness is an important foundation of such a society.These three men all took benevolent love as the foundation of a society of Great Harmony in their conception of da tong,but each in their elucidations also had his own characteristics,which together constitute the different ways in which modern East Asian scholars reflect on and expl
作者
翟奎凤
王杏芳
Zhai Kuifeng;Wang Xingfang
出处
《国际儒学（中英文）》
2021年第2期86-94,166,共10页
International Studies on Confucianism
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“大同思想与近现代儒学的转化创新研究”(17BZX061)
关键词
仁爱
孟子
阳明
大同
公羊学
benevolence
Mencius
Wang Yangming
Great Harmony
Gongyang school
