摘要
满足平方反比率的库仑相互作用在场论中具有独特的意义,高斯定理描述了三维空间矢量场源的属性。本文把其他类型势函数,如汤川势、谐振子势等转换为等效库仑荷分布,由此利用三维有源场满足的高斯定理来计算空间中的场强以及其他相关物理量。本文也专门设计了一个均匀分布汤川荷的硬球散射例题来展示这种方法的优越性。虽然这种方法在具体计算工作量上没有显著改进,但是得到的等效库仑荷分布在处理有体积粒子的时候会有更加清晰的物理图像。转换方法以及具体例题对拓展场论等相关课程教学有一定借鉴意义。
The Coulomb interaction satisfying the inverse square law has unique significance in the field theory,the Gauss's theorem and describes the source property of the three-dimensional vector field.In this paper,other types of potentials such as Yukawa potential and harmonic oscillator potential are transformed into equivalent Coulomb charge distribution in the space.Therefore,the Gauss's theorem can be applied to calculate the field strength and other related physical quantities.An example of hard sphere scattering with uniform distribution of Yukawa charges is designed to show the advantages of this method.Although no significant improvement on the calculation workload,the equivalent Coulomb charge distribution has a clearer physical picture when dealing with the sizable particles.The conversion method and the specific examples can be used for reference to expand the teaching of field theory and related courses.
作者
杨文娜
熊兆华
YANG Wenna;XIONG Zhaohua(Faculty of Science,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124)
出处
《物理与工程》
2023年第1期15-21,共7页
Physics and Engineering
关键词
库仑势
汤川势
高斯定理
Coulomb potential
Yukawa potential
Gauss theorem
