摘要
达尔文提出的"生物进化论"曾被恩格斯誉称为"19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一"。不仅在当时,就是到了今天,"经典进化论"对科学研究的影响力依然有增无减。对中国环境史研究的影响也不例外,从普通民众到专业的研究者大都认定,当代的科学技术比历史上的要先进,发达地区的生态环境比边疆地区要好。与此同时,另外一种声音也频繁见于研究者的笔下,即中国广大西部地区的生态环境比发达地区好,20世纪以前的中国生态环境比今天更好。从表面上看,这是两种不同观点和立场的正面冲突,但背后折射出的是我们展开研究的指导思想——"经典进化论"的余波还未消退,从而干扰了我们对研究思路和对象的选择,最终表现为研究结论自相矛盾。为此,显然不能就"经典进化论"的具体内容直接谈"经典进化论",而需要进一步明辨该理论之所以得到世界普遍接受的社会原因,并在这一基础上揭示"经典进化论"对当代的科研可能产生的负效应。使之在环境史研究的学理层面达成共识,这样才有助于化解各种研究结论的冲突与矛盾,下一步的研究才可望步入正轨。
Darwin’s theory of biological evolution was hailed by Engels as one of the three great discoveries of natural science in the 19 th century.The influence of the theory on the study of Chinese environmental history has continued unabated.Many scholars of China’s environmental history regard the traditional as backward and assume that developed regions have better ecological environments than frontier regions,while some others believe that the ecological environment in western part is better than that in developed regions of China,and before the 20 th century,the ecological environment was better than today in China.The conflict between these two views reflects the guiding principle of this study,i.e.,the fallout of classical evolution has interfered with our research ideas and led to conflicting conclusions.To this end,in addition to identifying the social reasons for the universal acceptance of this theory,it is also necessary to reveal the possible negative effects of the classical evolutionary theory on contemporary scientific research,so that a consensus can be reached on the doctrinal level of environmental history research.
作者
彭兵
罗康隆
PENG Bing;LUO Kang-long(College of History and Culture,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China)
出处
《贵州民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期74-81,共8页
Guizhou Ethnic Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“西南少数民族传统生态文化的文献采辑、研究与利用”(项目编号:16ZDA157)的阶段性成果
关键词
民族学
经典进化论
负效应
环境史
ethnography
classical evolution
negative effects
environmental history
