摘要
中俄边境口岸18个,自东向西分布在吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区东部边境区域。其自然特点有:中俄边境口岸数量居中国陆地边境口岸之最;口岸类型齐全;分布相对适中;运行严重受气候影响;口岸区域遍布农场;口岸区域病毒虫害较多。其人文特点有:多数口岸历史较为悠久;口岸交通条件便利;多数口岸基本形成了进出口贸易为主、旅游及服务业为辅的口岸经济发展模式;中俄边境口岸与经济贸易区、物流园区连成一片;口岸具有多元文化;与对应国俄罗斯建立了良好的外交关系。以上特点中包含了中俄边境口岸发展的优势与劣势。针对优劣势,文章建议采取以下措施:在尊重自然环境和利用口岸资源的前提下突出口岸特色边贸;在防止病虫病毒的基础上持续发展传统农场农牧业和现代旅游业;以口岸为中心将内蒙古、黑龙江和吉林边境城镇与俄方边境城镇连接在一起,促进口岸辐射功能的发挥;促进以边境口岸为通道的跨国移民就业及文化交流;探索东北与西北中俄边境口岸联运发展的可能性。
There are in total of 18 China-Russia border ports, which are spreading across Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and the eastern border of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Their natural characteristics are as follows: the quantity highest in all the land border ports in China;the descriptions are complete in range;the distribution is relatively moderate;the operation is highly affected by the climate;the ports area is spread all over with farms, and have many virus and pests. Their humanistic characteristics are as follows: most of the ports have a long history;transportations are convenient;most ports have formed an economic development mode that mainly based on import and export trade, and with tourism and service industry as the auxiliary;they are connected with the economic and trade zone and logistics park;multicultural;and established fine diplomatic relations with their counterpart ports of Russia. All characteristics listed above include the advantages and disadvantages of the development of China-Russia border ports. In view of the advantages and disadvantages,this paper proposes to take the following measures: highlight the characteristic border trade of the port;on the premise of respecting the natural environment and utilization of port resources;develop traditional farm agriculture, livestock husbandry and modern tourism continually;on the basis of preventing diseases and viruses, take the port as the centre and connect the border towns of Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Jilin with the border towns of Russia, to promote the radiation function of the port. Promote the employment and cultural exchange of cross-border immigrants through border ports, and explore the possibility of the development of cross-border transportation between Northeast and Northwest China-Russia ports.
作者
徐黎丽
乌日丽格
XU Li-li Wurilige(The Research and Cultivation Base of the Consciousness of Chinese National Community in Lanzhou University,Center of Ethnic Minorities in Northwest China,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)
出处
《贵州民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期52-61,共10页
Guizhou Ethnic Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大滚动项目“中国边境口岸志资料收集与整理研究”(项目编号:17ZDA157)的阶段性成果
关键词
中国
俄罗斯
边境口岸
特点
边疆发展
China
Russia
Border Ports
Characteristics
Border Development
