摘要
《民法典》第996条规定对因违约行为而产生的精神损害可以进行赔偿,但未明确具体的救济路径。既存在直接承认违约精神损害赔偿的可能,也存在须以违约责任与侵权责任竞合为前提的违约或侵权路径的次级选择问题。是否以责任竞合为条件,应着重关注对侵权过错要件的取舍。无过错责任之违约损害赔偿以合同关于未来的风险分配为正当性基础,该分配很难涉及精神损害;“损害对方人格权”的规定亦使得纯粹精神损害被排除在外。故为实现责任成立评价上的一致性,应以同时具备侵权责任的构成要件为适用前提。承认违约精神损害赔偿将导致局部不可兼容、解释成本过高等问题。对《民法典》第996条作侵权精神损害赔偿的解读,可消除上述弊端,且有助于对受害人人身权益的保护。
Article 996 of the Civil Code explicitly provides for damages to compensate for mental damage arising from breach of contract,but the specific remedy relief is not clear.There is not only the possibility of directly acknowledging the damages for breach of contract to compensate for mental damage,but also the question about the secondary choice of the path of breach of contract or tort on the premise of concurrence of liability for breach of contract and liability for tort.Whether the concurrence of liability is a condition,emphasis should be focused on the selection of tortious fault elements.The damages for breach of contract without fault shall be based on the corresponding future risk allocation in the contract,which rarely involves mental damage.The provision of“damage to the other party’s right of personality”also excludes the purely mental damage from the scope of application of Article 996.Consequently,in order to realize the consistency in the evaluation of liability establishment,it is necessary to require the constitutive elements of tort liability at the same time.In this case,the recognition of the damages for breach of contract to compensate for mental damage will lead to problems of partial incompatibility,excessive interpretation cost and so on.It could eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above and help to protect the personal rights and interests of victims,when Article 996 of the Civil Code is interpreted as the damages for tort to compensate for mental damage.
作者
曹险峰
程奕翔
CAO Xian-feng;CHENG Yi-xiang
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期17-25,共9页
Northern Legal Science
基金
2018年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“侵权财产损害赔偿的‘边’与‘界’研究”(18BFX116)的阶段性成果
关键词
精神损害赔偿
责任竞合
违约责任
侵权责任
damages to compensate for mental damage
concurrence of liabilities
liability for breach of contract
liability for Tort
