摘要
【目的】近年来北京市空气质量日益受到威胁,城市森林建设一定程度上可以改善空气质量。受既有上位规划、气候、河流、农田分布等基础条件的限制,城市边缘区的城市森林营建是森林城市建设的难点,尤其是通风廊道型城市森林建设面临诸多现实问题和技术困难。本文以北京市黑庄户地区通风廊道型城市森林营造为例,详细介绍其具体营建策略与方案并验证有效性,为此类区域开展森林城市建设提供案例依据。【方法】通过宏观规划城市森林结构布局、中观优化城市森林结构特征以及微观营建城市森林植物群落,运用Ecotect与Winair建立在不同重现期(西北风5、10、15 m/s)下城市森林营建前后的两种3D模型并进行对比。【结果】(1)结合黑庄户地区现状条件和通风廊道作用原理,构建以宏观规划林地结构、增加林地面积,中观保留生态冷源、明确林廊西北—东南走向为主、宽度大于150 m,微观营建草地型、灌木型结构为主并结合现状地形的植物群落的通风廊道型城市森林体系。(2)在西北风5、10、15 m/s条件下,平行于通风廊道城市森林的样带平均空气流速较未改造前提升了0.042、0.033、0.101 m/s;垂直样带平均空气流速提升了0.023、0.0593、0.0753 m/s。改造后模拟区域内空气流速均有所增强,总体随着风力增强空气流速增幅也有提高;森林廊道内的空气流速高于廊道外。【结论】使用多维度策略结合的通风廊道型城市森林改造后的区域相对于现状地区的空气流速大幅度提升,充分说明在城市边缘区通风廊道型城市森林的营建可有效加速风速,实现换气、降温、排污等综合目标。
[Objective]In recent years,Beijing’s air quality is increasingly threatened,urban forest construction can improve the air quality to some extent.Limited by the existing basic conditions such as superior planning,climate,river and farmland distribution,the construction of urban forest in urban fringe is a difficult point in the construction of forest city,especially the construction of ventilation corridor urban forest facing many practical problems and technical difficulties.This paper takes the ventilation corridor urban forest construction in Heizhuanghu District of Beijing as an example,introduces the specific construction strategy and scheme in detail and verifies the effectiveness,providing a case basis for the development of forest city construction in such areas.[Method]Through macro-planning of urban forest structure layout,medium-view optimization of urban forest structure characteristics and micro-construction of urban forest plant communities,Ecotect and Winair were used to establish and compare two 3D models before and after urban forest construction in different recurrence periods(5,10,15 m/s).[Result](1)Together with the present situation of Heizhuanghu District condition and principle of ventilated corridor function,we built urban forest system mainly by macro planning and forest structure,increasing the forest land area,the rules keeping ecological cold source,clearing forest corridor mainly being northwest-southeast direction,the width was greater than 150 m,the micro construction of grassland,and shrub structure mainly combined with the present situation of the plant community of terrain type ventilation corridor.(2)Under the conditions of 5,10 and 15 m/s of the northwest wind,the average air velocity of the sample zone parallel to the ventilation corridor of the urban forest increased by 0.042,0.033 and 0.101 m/s compared with that before the modification;the average air velocity in the vertical sample zone increased by 0.023,0.0593 and 0.0753 m/s.After the modification,the air velocity in th
作者
徐一丁
杨子蕾
李运远
Xu Yiding;Yang Zilei;Li Yunyuan(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期135-148,共14页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
北京市重点研发计划项目“基于生态效果提升的植物多种种植方式研究及示范”(D171100007117003).
关键词
北京市
城市边缘区
通风廊道
城市森林
风景园林
Beijing
urban fringe area
ventilation corridor
urban forest
landscape architecture
