摘要
亨廷顿指出,存在文明分裂的国家政治发展是非常困难的。然而在马来西亚、土耳其和尼日利亚三个同样存在文明分裂的国家,民主发展却出现很大的殊异。因此,仅仅从社会分裂结构的角度预设民主发展的成败是不能成立的。这项研究认为,真正影响这三个国家民主发展的是国家建设的程度,即国家是否有能力控制文明分裂和民主化产生的离心趋势。在自变量上,这项研究将国家能力区分为是否具备国家自主性以及是否具有整合各个地方的建制能力。同时,这项研究以民主化之后的长期过程(即民主发展)作为因变量。马来西亚由于具备很强的国家能力,民主化之后的离心主义能够得到较好的控制,并且国家对社会的改造为民主政治创造了好的条件;土耳其在国家能力上只具有国家自主性,因此民主发展不太顺利,但是民主化带来的离心主义能够被纠正;尼日利亚是一个"失败国家",民主发展表现为不同地区频繁地离心斗争。
Samuel P.Huntington pointed out that political development in a country with divided civilizations is very difficult.However,in the countries with similarly divided civilizations liking Malaysia,Turkey and Nigeria,the development of democracy is very different.Therefore,it is impossible to presuppose the structure of social division decide the success or failure of democratic development.This study believes that what really affects the democratic development of these three countries is whether the country has the ability to control the centrifugal tendency of civilization split and democratization.In terms of independent variables,this study distinguishes state capabilities into whether they have state autonomy and whether they have the infrastructure capacity to integrate localities.At the same time,this study uses the long-term process after democratization as the dependent variable.Because Malaysia has a strong state capacity,centrifugal tendency after democratization can be better controlled,and the society reformed by the state has created good conditions for democratic politics.Turkey has only state autonomy in terms of state capacity,so democracy development is not successful,but the centrifugal tendency brought about by democratization can be corrected.Nigeria is a failed state,so democratic development falls into centrifugal struggles in different regions.
出处
《比较政治学研究》
2020年第1期102-132,340-341,共33页
Comparative Politics Studies
关键词
文明分裂
国家能力
民主发展
土耳其
马来西亚
尼日利亚
divided civilizations
state abilities
democratic development
Turkey
Malaysia
Nigeria
