摘要
本文利用1990—2010年全国人口普查数据来检验中国城市规模分布的合理性及其原因。研究结果显示:总体上中国县级及以上城市规模分布不符合Zipf定律和Gibrat定律,空间均衡定理满足条件也相对较弱,中国城市规模分布呈扁平化状态,但从时间趋势来看,中国城市规模分布逐渐趋于集中。行政等级化的城市制度体系是中国政府干预城市规模发展的重要性制度安排,并且这种城市管理体制对城市规模的干预甚至强于户籍制度等其他相关政策,同时影响程度也超过了市场机制下的集聚经济效应对城市规模扩张的影响。但随着集聚经济效应逐渐增强,市场机制作用逐渐发挥,在一定程度上抵消了部分政府的干预,促使中国城市规模分布趋于合理。本文认为,中国政府应当放开对大城市,尤其是超大、特大城市规模的限制,让市场机制发挥主导作用,同时加快推进城市行政管理体制改革,破除当前资源配置与城市行政等级相挂钩的资源分配制度,赋予各类城市平等发展机会,政府应当以促进城市间基本公共服务均等化为主要施策导向。
This paper uses 1990-2010 national census data to test the rationality and reason of China’s urban size distribution.The results show that:on the whole,the size distribution of cities at or above the county level in China does not satisfy to Zipf’s law and Gibrat’s law,and the space equilibrium theorem is relatively weak to meet the conditions.The size distribution of cities in China is flat,but from the perspective of time trend,the size distribution of cities in China gradually tends to be centralized.The administrative hierarchy of urban system is an important institutional arrangement for the Chinese government to intervene in the development of urban,and the intervention of this urban management system on urban scale is even stronger than other relevant policies such as hukou system,and the impact degree is also greater than the agglomeration economic effect on Urban scale expansion under the market mechanism.However,with the gradual enhancement of the effect of agglomeration economy,the role of market mechanism is gradually effective,which to a certain extent offsets the intervention of some governments,and promotes the rationality of China’s city size distribution.This paper holds that the Chinese government should loosen the restrictions on the scale of large cities,especially super large cities,allow the market mechanism play a leading role,accelerate the reform of urban administrative system,break the current system of resource allocation linked to urban administrative level,and give all kinds of cities equal opportunities for development.The government should promote the basic public services equalization between cities as the main policy direction.
作者
年猛
NIAN Meng(Rural Development Institute,CASS,Beijing 100732,China)
出处
《城市与环境研究》
CSSCI
2021年第1期70-87,共18页
Urban and Environmental Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“户籍制度改革与中国城市规模体系优化研究”(批准号:17CJL023)
关键词
城市规模分布
政府干预
集聚经济
city size distribution
government intervention
agglomeration economy
