摘要
奠基于对资本主义社会批判和重构的唯物史观是否对前资本主义社会具有同等的解释效力,将对唯物史观作为科学理论的彻底性提出了挑战。本文认为,对于唯物史观的发展和说明仍然需要到“政治经济学中去寻找”,《形式》就是这一理念具体应用的典范,马克思正是在《形式》中以“私有制”和“城乡关系”为主要线索,讨论了前资本主义社会的三种所有制形式,不仅澄清了资本运动的历史前提,而且也廓清了唯物史观的轮廓。此外,在《形式》中,马克思的历史分析方法也为我们透视整个马克思历史发展观提供了线索,正是通过对《形式》的研究,我们才可能理解马克思在《政治经济批判大纲·第一分册》中《序言》所勾勒出的“社会形态演进图景”的真正内涵,并明确马克思的历史发展观不是单线的或者机械的“启蒙运动的进步叙事方式”,相反,它是复合和并行的,多元和开放的。最后,本文认为,马克思在《形式》中的真正目的不仅仅是为了描述前资本主义社会各所有制的具体特征,至关重要的是,他立足于资本主义社会对前资本主义社会的研究本身就是为了更好的认识资本主义社会,从而在结构性、历史性以及历时性上澄明资本主义自身的张力及其界限,深化对资本主义社会的批判。
The thoroughness of historical materialism as a scientific theory will be challenged if historical materialism based on the critique and reconstruction of the capitalist society does not have the same explanatory effect for the pre-capitalist society.This article argues that the development and explanation of historical materialism still"has to be sought in political economy",for the specific application of which Forms is a paradigm.Marx discussed three forms of ownership in the precapitalist society by using the"private ownership"and the"urban-rural relationship"as the main clues in the Forms,which not only clarified the historical premises of capital’s movement,but also outlined historical materialism.In addition,Marx’s historical analysis method in Forms provides clues for understanding Marx’s entire concept of historical development.It is through the study of Forms that we can understand the true connotation of the"Scheme of Social Evolution"given by Marx in the"Preface"of the A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy,and comprehend that Marx’s concept of historical development is not a linear or mechanical"progressive narrative method of the Enlightenment",but something compound and parallel,diverse and open.Finally,this article argues that Marx’s true purpose in Forms is not just to explain the specific characteristics of the ownership in the precapitalist society;what is crucial for Marx is that his research on the precapitalist society based on that of the capitalist’society can contribute to a better analysis of the capitalist society,so that the tension and boundaries of capitalism in terms of its structure,history and diachrony can be clarified and the understanding of the capitalist society deepened.
出处
《当代国外马克思主义评论》
2022年第2期106-122,共17页
Contemporary Marxism Review
关键词
唯物史观
政治经济学批判
历史发展观
前资本主义
社会私有制
城乡关系
Historical materialism
Critique of political economy
Concept historical development
Pre-capitalist society
Private ownership
Urban-rural relationship
