摘要
山地冰川生态系统包含冰、雪、冰川融水、冰尘、沉积物、冰碛物和土壤等多种栖息地,孕育了独特的生物群落,由耐寒性微生物占主导。由于对气候变化极其敏感,近几十年来,全球范围内的山地冰川正在急剧退缩。依据垂直分层特征、空间位置、环境特征和定殖微生物营养类型等,将山地冰川生态系统分为4个生态区:冰川表面区域、冰川内部区域、冰川下部区域和冰川前缘区域。从微生物的生理特征、群落组成、影响微生物分布和多样性的生态因素等几个方面,综述了山地冰川生态系统不同生态区的微生物研究现状。近10年来对冰川生态系统微生物的研究主要关注以下几方面内容:①嗜冷、耐冷细菌和真菌的分离培养;②微生物群落组成和多样性特征;③微生物群落构建和演替过程;④微生物介导的元素循环过程;⑤生态因子与微生物群落相互关系。目前,大部分研究集中在冰川前缘和表面区域,且主要关注细菌类群的组成和多样性。未来应该把冰川表面、内部、下部及前缘区域作为一个整体系统考虑,开展针对不同生境的多种微生物类群的长期监测和研究,重点关注类群间交互作用和功能方面。以期更好地理解极端环境下微生物介导的生态过程及其发挥的生态作用,这对维护山地冰川及其相关生态系统稳定具有重要意义。
Mountain glacier ecosystems contain diverse habitats,including ice,snow,meltwater,cryoconite,sediment,debris,and soil.These habitats harbor unique biomes that are dominated by cold-tolerant microbes.Mountain glaciers have responded strongly to climate change and have considerably shrunk in size over recent decades.Mountain glacier ecosystem was divided into supraglacial zone,englacial zone,subglacial zone,and proglacial zone,according to the vertical stratifications,horizontal locations,environmental characteristics,and trophic types of colonized microbes.This study reviewed research focused on the physiological characteristics,community composition,and diversity of the microbial community and ecological factors driving their distributions in these four zones.The studies(2010-2022)about the microbial communities in mountain glacier ecosystems that were reviewed mainly investigated the following:①isolation and culture of psychrotrophs and psychrophiles;②characteristics of microbial community composition and diversity;③microbial community assemblage and succession processes;④biogeochemical cycles driven by the microbes;and⑤interactions between ecological factors and the microbial community.Most of the studies were conducted in the proglacial and supraglacial zones and mainly focused on the composition and diversity of the bacterial community.In future studies,all zones should be considered as an integrated system to conduct long-term monitoring and investigation of multiple microbial communities in different habitats.They should also focus on microbial interactions and functions.This study improves understanding about the ecological processes mediated by microbes and their ecological roles in extreme environments,both of which have implications for maintaining the stability of glaciers and surrounding ecosystems.
作者
胡扬
汪子微
蒋洪毛
陈有超
刘巧
段宝利
鲁旭阳
HU Yang;WANG Ziwei;JIANG Hongmao;CHEN Youchao;LIU Qiao;DUAN Baoli;LU Xuyang(Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期899-914,共16页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“复杂下垫面海洋性冰川消融过程及其空间异质性”(编号:41871069)
四川省杰出青年科技人才项目“贡嘎山冰川表碛微生物分子生态网络及其驱动的碳氮转化”(编号:2020JDJQ0002)资助
关键词
山地冰川
冰川微生物
极端环境
冰川生态系统
Mountain glacier
Glacial microorganism
Extreme environment
Glacier ecosystem
