摘要
美国文化冷战的研究最初主要集中在美国对苏联东欧的心理战,进入21世纪以后,学界开始全方位探讨美国在全球各个地区的宣传攻势,揭示出一个遍布全球的美利坚“宣传帝国”。与此同时,该领域出现了非常明显的国际史转向,除了关注美国如何宣传,还关注美国宣传对象国的反应,研究双边甚至多边的宣传互动。另外,该领域也出现了跨国史转向的趋势,学者们超越民族国家框架,关注非国家行为体诸如个人、跨国人群、跨国组织的宣传活动。在这个趋势基础上,学界开始探讨美国全球文宣攻势的影响——“美国化”和“西方化”欧洲的问题。这种探讨和研究汇入了1960年以来美欧文化关系中“文化帝国主义”的话题,为该话题贡献了“国家”因素,深化了认识。这样,文化冷战的国际史和跨国史趋势不仅体现了学术的前沿进展,而且回应和深化了重大的理论问题。反过来也使得文化冷战研究就此摆脱了“廉价”的“冷战史”学术标签,得以用“文化帝国”的视角重新审视美国的对外宣传。
The study of the American Cultural Cold War initially focused on the psychological warfare of the US against the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.In the new century,the academic circle began to comprehensively explore the propaganda offensive of the US in various regions of the world,revealing an American“propaganda empire”spread all over the world.At the same time,there has been a very clear international history turn in this field,focusing not only on the US how to propagandize,but also on the reaction of the countries to which the US propaganda are directed,and studying bilateral and even multilateral propaganda interactions.In addition,there is a trend of transnational history turn in this field,where scholars go beyond the nation-state framework and focus on the propaganda activities of non-state actors such as individuals,transnational populations and transnational organizations.On the basis of this trend,the academic circle began to discuss the influence of the US,global propaganda offensive-“Americanization”and“Westernization”of Europe.These discussion and research merged with the topic of“cultural imperialism”in the cultural relations between the US and Europe since 1960,contributing“state”factor to the topic and deepening the understanding of the topic.In this way,the trend of the international history and transnational history of the cultural Cold War not only reflects the academic frontier,but also responds to and deepens the major theoretical problems.In turn,it also makes the study of Cultural Cold War get rid of the“cheap”“academic label”of“Cold War history”,and re-examine the foreign propaganda of the US from the perspective of“cultural empire”.
出处
《东亚评论》
2024年第1期132-167,7,共37页
East Asia Review
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“知识外交与战后美国学术话语体系的全球建构研究”的阶段性成果,项目号为20&ZD243
