摘要
本文在对历史文献、古地图、近代实测地图、沉积物等资料进行综合分析的基础上,复原1495~1855年间沂沭河下游湖群的演变过程,研究其变迁原因,为今日该区域的湿地修复提供历史背景。本区黄河大堤的南高北低导致黄河向北岸的决口次数远多于南岸,黄河在泗阳北岸一带的决口从西部侵袭沭阳桑墟湖,在淮阴、涟水的决口从南部侵袭桑墟湖及其东部的硕项湖。黄河决口扇的发育造成桑墟湖、硕项湖靠近黄河一侧不断淤高,水体不断被向东、北方向挤压,桑墟湖出现位移,而硕项湖自西南向东北淤浅。18世纪初,原桑墟湖已被黄河决口扇覆盖,湖水向东北低洼地区漫流形成青伊湖;硕项湖的面积也在1495年后的210年里减少了约50%,并在清雍正年间六塘河水系开凿后迅速消亡。1949年后,沭河的改道使青伊湖亦失去水源补给,逐渐排干而成为农田,但青伊湖洼地仍具备良好的地形和水源条件,可以恢复为人工湿地。
Affected by the Yellow River breaches and artificial flood diversion during 1495-1855,the drainage on the north bank of the lower Huaihe River was severely disturbed.As a result,ecological security and sustainable development in this region are threatened due to disappearance of large lakes,frequent occurrence of floods and water logging.This article aimed to reconstruct the changes to the rivers and lakes on north bank of the Huai River based on a comprehensive study of historical documents,early maps,modern topographical maps,drilling data and sediment analysis results.Both the Shuoxian Lake and the Sangxu Lake were affected by the heavy silds from the frequent breaches happened to the north bank of the Yellow River.By 1710,the area of the Shuoxian Lake,located in the east of the Sangxu Lake,decreased by 50%from 552 km2 to 276.09 km2 and finally disappeared in the Yongzheng reign(1722-1735 AD)due to the excavation of the Liutang River.The original Sangxu Lake,located in today’s Shuyang County,was totally silted by the sedimentation carried by the Yellow River in the early eighteenth century and its water was pushed forward northeastward and finally found its new home in a lowland.The new formed lake was the Qingyi Lake.However,after the Shuhe River changed its course by artificial force in 1949 and no longer flew into the Qingyi Lake,the Qingyi Lake gradually became a farmland due to the lack of water supply.Nevertheless,the Qingyi Lake can still be restored to artificial wetlands because it used to be a low-lying land.
作者
杨霄
韩昭庆
Yang Xiao;Han Zhaoqing(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234;Center for Historical Geographic Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期89-96,共8页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“淮河流域典型湖沼湿地演变过程及景观复原研究(1495-1947年)”(项目批准号:42001144)
国家社科基金重大项目“中国国家图书馆藏山川名胜舆图整理与研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA192)的阶段性成果
关键词
水系变迁
桑墟湖
硕项湖
青伊湖
湿地修复
fluvial processes
the Sangxu Lake
the Shuoxiang Lake
the Qingyi Lake
wetland restoration
