摘要
人类有提升探究活动的天性。因为这种天性,人类可以取得某些领域的认知成就,从而展现自己独特的价值。随着当代新兴认知增强技术的出现,我们的认知官能得到了多样性的提升,但我们也对认知增强技术的应用产生了担忧。在知识论领域,一个迫切的问题是,应用认知增强技术的知识论意蕴是什么?认知增强技术的支持者认为该技术可以带来更多的认知成就,而反对者则主张该技术削弱了认知者的能动性,使得认知成就变得更廉价。本文指出,认知成就的定义问题不能与认知成就的价值问题相混淆。认知成就要求认知主体通过自己的认知能力克服一定的困难从而完成认知的任务。在这一过程中,认知主体所展现的理性能力和意志力都成为了认知成就内在价值的来源。虽然认知增强可以带来更多的认知成就,但由于需要克服的困难减少,意志力的使用随之减少,成就的内在价值因而减少。此外,在竞争日趋激烈的环境中,由于认知增强技术具有的快捷性和高效性,一个潜在的危险是理智美德(如理智谦逊)的边缘化。因此,为了保持人类独特的认知探究模式,我们应该保持对认知增强技术的反思和批判态度,并且不能遗忘在这个技术蓬勃发展的时代对理智美德的追求和守护。
Human beings in their nature aim to enhance their inquiries.It is precisely because of this nature that we can show our distinctive significance by making cognitive achievements.With the help of new cognitive enhancement technologies,our cognitive faculties have been enhanced.However,this result is worrisome.In epistemology,a pressing question is what are the epistemological ramifications of deploying cognitive enhancement?Advocates of cognitive enhancement argue that it can enhance cognitive achievement,while the objectors contend that it would hinder human agency and therefore undermine the value of cognitive achievement.I argue that we cannot confuse the question of what cognitive achievement is with the question of what the value of cognitive achievement is.Regarding the former,a cognitive achievement is a process in which an agent achieves a goal because of her cognitive ability while overcoming certain amount of difficulties.Regarding the latter,the use of rationality and will are both the source of internal value of cognitive achievement.I argue that the application of cognitive enhancement technologies,though sometimes can give rise to cognitive achievement,will reduce the internal value of cognitive achievement by making our tasks easier.Moreover,given the efficiency and convenience of the use of cognitive enhancement,intellectual virtues such as intellectual humility are likely to be marginalized.Therefore,to preserve the distinctiveness of human inquiry,it is prudent to get aware of the risks of cognitive enhancement technologies.
作者
王聚
Wang Ju(School of Philosophy,Fudan Unversity,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期138-146,共9页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
上海市晨光计划“当代德性知识论视角下的理智谦逊研究”(项目批准号:18CG04)
教育部哲学社会科学青年项目“哲学治疗与先验论证:当代反怀疑论新思潮研究”(项目批准号:19YJC720028)
上海市浦江人才计划“当代反怀疑论新思潮研究”(项目批准号:18PJC015)资助
关键词
认知增强
认知成就
德性知识论
理智美德
cognitive enhancement
cognitive achievements
virtue epistemology
intellectual virtues
