摘要
互联网的经济覆盖、金融业的数字转型以及区块链的技术驱动,推动着货币形态从传统纸币向电子货币、数字货币演进。去现金、无现金是数字货币时代的大势所趋。我国现行的货币犯罪体系是在纸币作为国家法币的货币形态背景下建构起来的,面对货币形式这场"脱实向虚"的大变革,即将面临一些冲击和挑战。明确将国家的数字货币发行权作为数字货币犯罪的首要保护法益,不仅是国家捍卫自身货币发行权的需要,还可以从数字货币犯罪的角度打开国家刑事治理比特币等数字货币犯罪的新思路。基于密码学知识和区块链技术设计的法定数字货币,不仅将完全改变伪造货币罪的行为方式,还可能导致出售、购买、运输假币罪失去处罚的基础和意义。法定数字货币的研发者在设计之初对法定数字货币不可被伪造的期待,可能造成法定数字货币的真伪难以鉴定,这不仅影响持有假币罪继续发挥兜底性罪名的作用,还可能导致使用假币罪在司法认定上与盗窃罪相混同。
The economic coverage of the Internet,the digital transformation of the financial industry and the technological drive of blockchain drive the evolution of currency form from traditional paper money to electronic currency and digital currency.Go cash,cashless is the general trend of digital currency era.China’s current monetary crime system is constructed under the background of paper money as the legal currency of the country.It is not only necessary for the country to defend its own currency issuance right,but also to open a new idea of national criminal governance of bitcoin and other digital currency crimes from the perspective of digital currency crimes.Legal digital currency designed based on cryptography knowledge and block chain technology will not only completely change the behavior mode of counterfeiting crime,but also may cause the crime of selling,buying and transporting counterfeit money to lose the basis and significance of punishment.At the beginning of the design,the developers of legal digital currency expected that legal digital currency could not be forged,which may make it difficult to identify the authenticity of legal digital currency.This not only affects the role of the crime of holding counterfeit currency to play a role as a justification,but also may lead to the confusion of the crime of using counterfeit currency with the crime of theft in the judicial determination.
作者
高铭暄
王红
Gao Mingxuan;Wang Hong
出处
《刑法论丛》
2019年第2期247-271,共25页
Criminal Law Review
关键词
比特币
法定数字货币
无现金化
货币犯罪体系
刑法前瞻
Bitcoin
Digital currency on law
no cash
Monetary crime system
Criminal law perspective
