摘要
反思动物在生态环境秩序中的该当定位是环境法典编纂契机下的中国问题。动物主体地位法定化不仅是动物伦理地位历史演进的必然趋势,也具有法哲学上的正当性和现实必要性。目前,动物主体地位法定化之所以“不可能”是因为动物完全主体论和限制主体论的“不可行”,而这两条进路不仅误读了动物主体地位法定化诉求的原初意旨,还忽视了动物作为平等道德主体不可类人的伦理事实。动物主体地位法定化并非是要在形式上仿人法逻辑“学样”,将动物硬性纳入人法制度体系,而是要在人类族群内部以最高权威性规范的形式表达对另一个族群作为平等存在的理性尊重和正当权利的保护愿景。象征性立法是一种内蕴正当性的立法模式,通过象征性立法将动物主体地位法定化不仅可以通过价值宣示表达人法对于动物作为平等存在的理性尊重,还可以通过价值建构重塑人类动物权利保护意识和行为,进而提供动物权利保障的“潜在实效性”,是动物主体地位法定化的可行方案。如此,也恰可启发中国环境法典自然生态保护编的编纂者所秉持的理论前见。
The reflection on the appropriate positioning of animals in the ecological environment order is a Chinese issue under the opportunity of compiling environmental codes.The legalization of animal subject status is not only an inevitable trend in the historical evolution of animal ethics,but also has legal and philosophical legitimacy and practical necessity.At present,the reason why it seems“impossible”to legalize animal subject status is because both complete subjectivism and restricted subjectivism are impractical approaches,which not only misinterpret the original intention of advocating for legalizing animal subject status,but also ignore the ethical fact that animals cannot be classified as human beings as equal moral subjects.The legalization of animal subject status does not mean mimicking human law logic in formality by forcibly incorporating animals into human legal system;rather,it expresses a vision for rational respect and legitimate rights protection towards another group as equal existence within humanity through most authoritative norms within human population.Symbolic legislation is an inherent legitimate legislative model that can express rational respect for animals as equal existence through value declaration while reconstructing awareness and behavior regarding protecting animal rights among humans with potential effectiveness to safeguard such rights-making it a feasible solution for legalizing animal subject status.This can also inspire theoretical foresight held by compilers of natural ecological protection section in China's environmental code.
作者
俎璐
杜宴林
ZU Lu;DU Yan-lin(Research Center for Theoretical Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)
出处
《河北法学》
北大核心
2023年第8期96-118,共23页
Hebei Law Science
基金
2017年国家社科基金重大专项项目“核心价值观融入法治建设研究:以公正司法为核心的考察”(17VHJ007)
关键词
动物
主体地位
动物权利
象征性立法
环境法典
animals
subject status
animal rights
symbolic legislation
environmental code
