摘要
海法是我国法学研究自2010年以来逐渐兴起的概念,最为重要的特征是突破法律部门的界限,囊括全部与海相关的法律。考察海法概念在中国的沿革,新中国成立前多数海商法著作主张海商法是海法的组成部分,但少有其他关于海法的论述;新中国成立后的著作通常则不再将海法作为海商法的上位概念进行介绍。2010年以来,海法概念在我国逐步复兴,甚至向立法层面拓展。海法在比较法上更多只是一个常被提及,但极少受到真正关注与阐释的概念。东亚法域以汉字表述的海法,通常是作为海商法和海事法即海事公法的上位概念,大多排除了海洋法的内容;英文中maritime law的概念则以海上航行或船舶为中心,兼有私法与公法内容的同时,多数学者将其区别于海洋法,但也有不同观点存在。二者在比较法上的共性应是均无意涵盖全部与海相关的法律。我国学者倡导的海法概念实际远未获得普遍的国际认同,而且存在较为突出的问题,即海法的各个分支缺少必要的共性,海法概念的实际作用尚不彰显,海法理论可能导致海商法进一步边缘化。我国学界不宜继续大力倡导海法的概念,但海事公法的理论研究应当受到重视。
Sea law is a concept that has gradually emerged in legal research in Chinese mainland since the 2010s.The most important feature of sea law is that it breaks through the boundaries of legal departments and includes all laws related to the sea.Analyzing the evolution of the concept of sea law in China,most of the works on maritime commercial law before the People's Republic of China was founded advocated that maritime commercial law is an integral part of sea law,but there are few other discussions on sea law.The works on maritime commercial law of the People's Republic of China usually no longer introduce sea law as the superordinate concept of maritime law.Since the 2010s,the concept of sea law has been gradually revived in China,and even expanded to legislation.Sea law is more of a concept that is often mentioned in comparative law,but has received little real attention and interpretation.In East Asian jurisdictions,sea law expressed in Chinese characters is usually regarded as a superordinate concept of private maritime law and public maritime law,and usually excludes the content of the law of the sea.The concept of maritime law in English is centered on maritime navigation or ships,and contains both private and public law.Most scholars distinguish it from the law of the sea,but there are also different views.The commonality between sea law expressed in Chinese characters in East Asian jurisdictions and maritime law in English should be that neither intends to cover all laws related to the sea.The concept of sea law advocated by scholars in China is far from being universally recognized internationally,and there are more prominent problems,that is,the various branches of sea law lack the necessary commonality,the actual role of the concept of sea law has not yet been manifested,and the theory of sea law may leading to further marginalization of maritime commercial law.Chinese academic circles should not continue to vigorously advocate the concept of sea law,but the theoretical research of public maritime law s
作者
孙思琪
SUN Siqi(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《海大法律评论》
2022年第1期254-274,共21页
SMU Law Review
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“海上公共卫生法律治理研究”(21CFX019)
关键词
海法
海商法
比较法
maritime
law
海洋法
sea law
maritime commercial law
comparative law
maritime law(in English)
law of the sea
