摘要
明朝中后期,士绅用劝人为善的方式动员民间力量参与救荒。他们总结了长时间的切身经历形成了劝善思想。这一思想首先是援引儒释道的因果报应思想,利用民众的信仰去解决灾荒这一社会问题;其次,士绅利用血缘、地缘关系的作用劝富人多行善事,帮助同族及乡里的贫困饥民渡过难关,这是中国古代人情社会的传统在灾荒应对过程中的作用;再次,明代士绅还会出于维护社会稳定的需要,向富民分析灾荒可能导致的社会动乱甚至农民起义,这是利用利害关系劝人行善,体现了劝善思想及行为具有维护社会治安的功能。在明中后期官府救荒普遍推行不力的前提下,士绅的劝善让民间救荒这一传统得到发扬,特别是在商品经济比较发达的地区,民间救荒效果显著。
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the gentry mobilized people to participate in famine relief by using the way of exhorting people to do good.They summed up their own experience over a long period of time and formed the idea of exhortation.The Ming Dynasty gentry’s thought of exhorting people to do good came from the consciousness of karma of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,which was that gentry of Ming Dynasty used people’s belief to solve the social problem of famine relief;secondly,gentry of Ming Dynasty used blood and geographical relationship to persuade rich people to do more good deeds and help the poor and hungry people of the same race and the countryside to tide over the difficulties,which was the role of the tradition of Chinese ancient human society in the process of famine relief;Moreover,in order to maintain social stability,the gentry of Ming Dynasty also analyzed to the rich people the social unrest and even peasant uprising that may be caused by famine.This used the relationship of interests to persuade people to do good deed,which reflected the function of the thought and behavior of persuading people to do good to maintain social order.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,under the premise of the government’s poor implementation of famine relief,the gentry’s persuasion promoted the folk famine relief,especially in the areas with more developed commodity economy.
作者
郭学勤
Guo Xueqin(School of Marxism,Huaibei Normal University,Huaibei 235000,Anhui,China)
出处
《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期92-98,共7页
Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）
基金
国家社科基金项目“明清徽州的民间信仰与社会互动的关系研究”(19BZJ053)阶段性成果
安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重点项目“明清徽州‘三雕’的历史考察与艺术特色研究”(SK2018A0351)阶段性成果
安徽省高校优秀拔尖人才培育资助项目(gxgnfx2019005)阶段性成果
关键词
明代
救荒
劝善思想
民间力量
Ming Dynasty
famine relief
thought of exhortation
folk power
