摘要
对于第一次世界大战后凸显的上海公共租界的华人代表权问题,出于调整对华政策的考虑,英国表示支持,并且形成了以本地化和渐进化为原则的解决思路。但是,在落实过程中却引发了不同方面、不同层次的矛盾和竞争。为维护既得利益和地位,上海公共租界当局以保持自治地位为由,将排除来自租界以外的政治势力作为首要关切;为遏制日本在上海公共租界势力的增长,美国支持华人代表权;日本亦积极支持华人代表权,其动因是希望改变英、美籍董事在工部局中的绝对多数地位;意大利等国则趁机提出工部局多元化和国际化的诉求,谋求借此提升自身的地位。这些矛盾和竞争及其解决之道反映出上海公共租界既具有高度国际性,又具有地方性,而将二者统一起来的则是依托上海城市的繁荣所形成的利益共同体。
The issue of Chinese representation in Shanghai International Settlement(SIS)emerged after the end of World WarⅠ.With the aim to adjust its policy towards China,the British government supported the idea of increasing the Chinese representation in SIS and proposed a solution based on the principles of localization and incrementalism.The implementation of this solution,however,gave rise to a variety of contradictions and tensions in practice.To maintain its vested interests and position,Shanghai International Settlement Authority was primarily concerned with excluding any outside political influence,under the pretense of maintaining its autonomy.To contain the growing Japanese influences in SIS,the U.S.supported increasing Chinese representation.For its part,the Japanese also supported the British solution,hoping to change the majority of British and American representatives in Shanghai Municipal Council(SMC).Some lowkey countries like Italy took this occasion to demand the diversity and internationality of SMC,aiming to increase their presence and weight in SMC.Competition among these divergent interests and the final balancing of them highlighted the fact that SIS was highly international as an international settlement on the one hand and deeply local on the other.The glue that helped bind the international and local dimensions of SIS together was a community of common interests built on the foundation of the prosperity of Shanghai.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期63-78,160-161,共18页
Modern Chinese History Studies
