摘要
校园欺凌问题一直是美国学校教育教学与管理中的热点与难点问题。美国加利福尼亚州出台了专门的反欺凌法律法规和政策,形成了包括政策保障、预防机构、预防校园欺凌宣传和沟通、培训课程和技术支持、数据统计系统等在内的校园欺凌预防机制;建立了包含投诉责任人、上报欺凌事件、地方教育管理部门调查核实并回应投诉、投诉者上诉等程序的投诉报告制度;规定了休学或退学、社区服务、刑事处罚、纠正性救助等"惩治"与"纠正"相结合的欺凌者处理方式;发展了对受害人进行心理疏导、为受害人及其家庭提供法律帮助、学校干预双方校园生活等的受害人多方位救助措施;构筑了学校负主体责任、家长配合学校治理、政府保障治理、社会各类机构与媒体共同参与治理的多元化责任主体协同治理体系。
School bullying has always been a hot and difficult issue in teaching and management in American schools.California issued special anti-bullying laws,regulations and policies,formed a sound prevention mechanism,including policy guarantee,setting up the prevention mechanism,attaching importance to bullying prevention propaganda and communication,providing training courses and technical support,constructing data statistics system.California established a complaint reporting system.It stipulated the treatment mode of"punishment"in combination with"correction".California developed multi-directional rescue measures including psychological counseling for victims,legal help for victims and their families,school intervention on the school life of both sides.California also established a diversified system of coordinated governance of responsible subjects in which the schools bear the main responsibility,parents cooperate with school governance,government guarantees the governance,social institutions and the media jointly participate in the governance.
作者
祁占勇
杜越
Qi Zhanyong;Du Yue
出处
《中国教育法制评论》
2019年第1期66-83,共18页
Chinese Educational Law Review
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中小学校园欺凌治理的国际借鉴与本土探索”(17YJC880107)的阶段性成果.
关键词
美国
加利福尼亚州
校园欺凌
预防保障
the United States
California
school bullying
prevention and protection
