摘要
中国先进制造业当前正开始迅速发展,但同时必须重视研究国内低端制造业的现状与未来发展途径。本文通过梳理已有文献,将低端制造业区分为"要素投入劳动密集外向型制造业"、"有劳动密集环节的低增值率外向型制造业"两大类,并梳理展示了2006-2019年中国两类六种低端制造业的国内发展与区位转移情况,发现第一类低端制造业已基本完成由东部至中西部的国内转移过程,而第二类低端制造业仍在全国范围内发展与承接之中,中西部省份发展相对于东部省市更快。同期31省区市面板数据的实证研究发现,当地劳动力越便宜、城镇与女性人口比重越高、能源成本越低,越容易促进当地低端制造业发展。分类检验则发现不同类型低端制造业发展的影响因素存在显著差别。中国应在适度对外投资低端制造业的同时,通过国内转移优化配置与布局两类低端制造业,保持一定程度低端制成品的生产能力与制造业部门的完整性。
China’s advanced manufacturing industry is developing rapidly at present,meanwhile we must pay attention to the current situation and future development of domestic low-end manufacturing industry.By combing the existing literature,this paper divides the low-end manufacturing industry into 2 types,“Labor-Intensive Export-Oriented Manufacturing Industry”and“Export-Oriented Manufacturing Industry with Low Value-Added Rate”.Through statistical data,this paper shows the domestic location transfer of China’s Low-End Manufacturing Industry(LEMI)from 2006 to 2019.It is found that the first type of low-end manufacturing industry has almost completed the domestic transfer process from the east to the central and western regions,while the second type of LEMI is still developing nationwide,and the development of central and western provinces is faster than that of eastern provinces.The provincial panel data regression model of 31 provinces in the same period shown that the cheaper the local labor force,the higher the proportion of urban population and female population,and the lower the energy cost,the easier it was to promote the development of local LEMI.Classification test shown that there were significant differences in the influencing factors of different types of LEMI.While moderately investing in low-end manufacturing industries abroad,China should optimize the allocation and layout of two types of LEMI through domestic transfer,so as to maintain the production capacity of low-end products and the integrity of manufacturing sector to a certain extent.
出处
《经济问题探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期112-133,共22页
Inquiry Into Economic Issues
基金
北京市社会科学基金青年项目“北京市职住失衡与城乡协调发展关联性研究”(19YJC034),项目负责人:马光明
中央财经大学一流学科建设项目“建设开放型世界经济背景下中国对外贸易政策研究”(GMYL2019009),项目负责人:马光明
关键词
低端制造业
劳动密集
国内增值率
区位转移
Low-end manufacturing industry
Labor intensity
Domestic value-added rate
Location transfer
