摘要
同治三年六月金陵克复后,曾国藩即筹划裁撤湘军陆师,七月至十二月,裁勇3万;同治四年正月至闰五月,继续裁3万多;同治四年七月因哗饷事件又裁1万多、至十二月总共已裁去十之七八,至奉命剿捻之时,湘军陆师裁撤将尽,仅剩刘松山一军。为保证裁军时尽发欠饷、防止兵勇因欠饷生事,曾国藩主要采取开办广东厘金,以湖南东征局协饷,利用江苏亩捐、租捐、善后捐款和淮南盐课盐厘,以及索要别处欠款等一系列措施筹集裁勇经费。被裁兵勇全发欠饷却引起未裁兵勇军心动摇,索饷哗变、殴辱大员等事端自霆营开始,尔后层见叠出,波及皖地南北防军乃至苏军。曾国藩一边筹款发饷安抚,一边对带头闹饷之人严加处置,终平息哗变并将涉事勇营裁撤净尽。对被裁将官,曾国藩竭力寻求安置之法,或以大衔借补小缺,或以考试得实缺,但仍无法全部安置。从曾国藩对湘军陆师的裁撤与安置,可以管窥这一善后措施之成败得失。
After the resumption of Jinling in the 3 rd year of Tongzhi,Zeng Guofan planned to reduce the Xiang Army step by step.First,from the 7 th to 12 th month in the 3 rd year of Tongzhi,the army was cut by 30,000.Then,in the beginning months of the 4 th year of Tongzhi,another 30,000 men were disarmed;and in the 7 th month of the same year,10,000 more were removed.Finally,the Xiang Army was almost gone,except for the troops commanded by Liu Songshan.In order to stop them from making troubles for not being paid wages on time,Zeng Guofan took a series measures to raise enough money.But on the other hand,full pay offered to the disarmed soldiers aroused dissatisfaction from the soldiers still in service,which led to various riots in many areas.Zeng exerted great efforts to raise funds to pay and appease the soldiers,and at the same time severely punished those leading trouble-makers.When the mutinies were eventually subsided,all the involved soldiers were eliminated from the army.Zeng tried his best to find places for the laid-off officers by offering lower positions or arranging tests for them to fill vacancies,but not all of them could get resettled.Zeng Guofan’s drawdown and placement of the Xiang Army provided a glimpse of the success and failure of the rehabilitative measures.
作者
顾建娣
Gu Jiandi(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006)
出处
《军事历史研究》
2019年第4期49-64,共16页
Military History Research
关键词
曾国藩
湘军陆师
哗饷兵变
安置将官
Zeng Guofan
the Xiang Army
mutiny for pay
placement of laid-off officers
