摘要
据藏史记载,拜占庭医学于公元7世纪传入藏区。拜占庭医师噶雷诺(Galenos)担任松赞干布的御医,其长子定居后藏,是西藏地方最早以"毕吉"为号的医师。8世纪,又有一位名为赞巴希拉哈(■,tsan-pa-shi-la-ha),号称毕吉(■,bi-ji)的拜占庭医师入藏。他编著了《毕吉黄函》(■,bi-jivi-po-ti-khaser,又名《御览光芒》■,rgyal-povi-bla-yig-vod-vbar),是藏医毕吉学派的开山文献。吐蕃时期,拜占庭医师的地位居于外来医师之首,对吐蕃医学发展贡献卓著。拜占庭医学和毕吉学派是吐蕃时期医学史研究的重要内容。在英藏敦煌藏文医书中,多处出现了毕吉[■(be-c?)或■(be-ci)]和毕吉疗伤药[■(be-ci’i-rma-rts?)或■(be-ci-rma-rtsi)],并记述了白色、红色和紫色三种疗伤方。这些记载虽不系统,但为藏医史的记载提供了佐证,对研究拜占庭医药东传的历史有重要意义。本文从ITJ756I和ITJ757号文书中引录相关的记载,做汉译和注释。联系藏医史和《毕吉黄函》进行论证,推定其为毕吉和毕吉疗伤方,并对拜占庭医药的东传及其影响做初步探讨。
According to Tibetan historical documents,Byzantine medicine was introduced into Tibetan region in the first half of the 7 th century AD.It is said that one of the Byzantine doctors was nominated entitled with Galenos as royal physician of the Tibetan King Srong-btsan skam-po.Next to him,another Byzantine doctor Tsan-pa-shi-la-ha with the title of Bi-ji was invited to Tibet and nominated as royal physician.He is regarded as the founder of the Beji School of medicine studies in Tibet.The Byzantine medical school is the foremost among the foreign medicines in Tibet.He donated his work entitled as Bi-ji-poti-kha-ser to the king and left Tibet in his old age.Beji’s vulnerary formulas are found in ITJ756 and ITJ757 of Dunhuang Tibetan manuscripts conserved in British Library.Obviously either Biji or Beji,as part of Be-ji’i-rma-rtsιor Be-jirma-rtsi,is equivalents of Biji.Rma-rtsi means vulnerary formula or medicine.These could be the earliest records of Biji though they are scattered in the spoiled manuscripts.These materials are interpreted below in light of historical background and later editions of Bi-ji-po-ti-kha-ser.It is expected to give some messages of transmission and influence of Byzantine medicine in mediaeval Tibet.
出处
《医疗社会史研究》
2020年第1期161-172,240-241,共14页
Journal of Social History of Medicine and Health
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“敦煌吐蕃文献分类整理与研究”(项目编号:12ZD139)子课题“吐蕃科技文献整理与研究”成果
