摘要
人力资本空间集聚是我国人力资本分布的典型特征之一,集聚扩大了人力资本的外部性。本文从空间的角度,使用2000-2015年的人口普查、抽样调查数据和专利数据,探究人力资本空间集聚对城市创新的影响。发现大专及以上学历劳动年龄人口占比每增加1个百分点,以每万人专利申请数表征的城市创新产出会上升近54个。将高校扩招作为工具变量,进行2SLS回归,发现该影响依然显著,说明高校扩招导致城市人力资本集聚增强从而促进了创新产出。按照Getis空间过滤模型将空间效应分解为集聚效应和溢出效应后,发现大专及以上学历劳动年龄人口占比每增加1个百分点,溢出效应能够促进相邻城市的创新产出增加近90个。另外,市场化程度、户籍门槛、人口密度等因素均在不同程度上影响了城市的创新产出。因而,促进城市创新发展,不仅需要增加城市自身的人力资本积累,还需要进一步推进要素市场化配置改革,充分发挥人力资本的空间溢出效应。
The spatial agglomeration of human capital is one of the typical characteristics of human capital flow in China,which expands the externality of human capital.From the perspective of spatial agglomeration,this paper uses 2000-2015 population census detce,sample survey data and patent data to explore the impact of spatial agglomeration of human capital on urban innovation.We found that 1 percentage point increase in the working-age population with a college degree or above,the number of patent applications per 10,000 people in a city increases by nearly 54.Taking higher education enrollment expansion as an instrumental variable,2 SLS regression shows that this effect is still significant.It indicates that university enrollment expansion leads to the enhancement of urban human capital agglomeration and thus promotes innovation output.According to the Getis spatial filtering model,the spatial effect is divided into agglomeration effect and spillover effect.It is found that a 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of working-age population with college degree or above can increase the number of patent applications per 10,000 people in the city by more than 40,and the spillover effect can increase by nearly 90.In addition,the degree of marketization,household registration threshold,population density and other factors all affect the urban innovation output to different degrees.To promote urban innovation,it is necessary not only to improve the density of human capital,but also to further deepen the market-oriented allocation reform of factors and give full play to the spatial spillover effect of human capital.
作者
黄金玲
HUANG Jin-ling(Business School,Beijing Normal University)
出处
《教育经济评论》
CSSCI
2021年第3期63-89,共27页
China Economics of Education Review
关键词
人力资本集聚
空间溢出
城市创新
高校扩招
human captial agglomeration
spatial spillover
urban innovation
higher education enrollment
