摘要
本文以实地调研为基础,从技术政治角度讨论了中国农技推广体系变迁的内在逻辑,并讨论了技术的商品化如何导致了农业领域的"去技术化"。研究发现,在集体化时代,国有/集体农资企业和供销社体系共同支撑着农技推广体系,技术和农资均属于公共品。市场化改革之后,农业技术从无偿服务向有偿服务转变,公益性技术推广也与经营性技术推广彻底分离,技术开始转变为商品,并逐渐与劳动者分离。不过,经历了"去技术化"的农业劳动者并没有成为"局部工人",而成为农业生产领域的"消费主体"。因此,资本之间的技术竞争一方面表现为以"技术推广"为名的农资销售竞争,另一方面表现为对"垄断性技术"开发的竞争。然而,上述竞争都没有降低农业生产者获取技术和物资的成本。在农业生产者不断"去技术化"的情况下,即便他们保留了主要生产资料,也不得不深度从属于资本。
Based on empirical researches,this paper explores,from the technological politics perspective,the dynamics of transformation of China’s Agricultural Extension System(AES)and the process of"de-technologization"in the agricultural area caused by the commodification of technology.Our research shows that,in the collectivization era,the public AES was jointly supported by the supply and marketing cooperatives and the state/collective-owned enterprises.Both technology and agricultural capital inputs were public goods then.With the beginning of the market-oriented reform,the state allowed technicians to get paid for their services and,as a result,separated the public AES from the commercial AES.Since then,agricultural technology has become commodified and alienated from the agricultural producers.But the"de-technologized"producers have not thus been turned into"partial workers,"rather they have become consumers of agricultural capital inputs.Meanwhile,the agricultural capital compete with each other both for the marketing of agricultural inputs,which was veiled by the facade of"technology extension",and for the development of monopolistic technology.However,the costs of technological/agricultural inputs acquisition for the producers have never been lowered.This means that,with"de-technologization",the agricultural producers have to subordinate to capital even though they still hold the farmland.
作者
陈义媛
Chen Yiyuan(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期60-74,7,共16页
Open Times
基金
北京市社会科学基金项目“京郊农村小农户与现代农业有机衔接的路径”(项目编号:20SRB003)的阶段性成果
关键词
技术政治
农业转型
农业技术推广体系
去技术化
technological politics
agrarian change
agricultural extension system
de-technologize
