摘要
化学品和燃料的可持续生产以及缓解温室效应是目前人类面临的两大挑战.传统生物炼制技术可进行石化产品的替代生产,且绿色低碳;然而有些人类活动不可避免地产生碳排放,为了实现碳中和目标,迫切需要发展负排放技术以抵消这些排放.近年来,可直接将二氧化碳转化为燃料和化学品的第三代生物炼制技术为我们塑造低碳经济、实现碳中和提供了一个良好的解决方案.本文首先介绍固定二氧化碳的不同天然途径,随后概述可用于基于合成生物学理念设计的不同人工固碳途径;接着,讨论固碳途径能量的来源,特别强调非生物过程辅助的新型能量供给方式;随后,列举第三代生物炼制的生产实例,并讨论其在工业应用过程中值得注意的问题;最后,展望第三代生物炼制的主要优势和面临的挑战,并对未来的研究方向进行讨论.
The energy crisis and global warming are two major challenges confronting humanity.Since the dawn of the industrial revolution,fossil fuels have been the backbone of the world’s energy system,driving the rapid development of modern human civilization and economic growth.However,fossil resources are non-renewable,and their consumption rate far exceeds their regeneration rate,leading to a potential energy crisis.Moreover,fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source of CO_(2) and other greenhouse gases(GHGs),and the immediate problem for humanity may not be the limitation of fossil fuel reserves but the consequence of its combustion.The versatile nature of microorganisms allows the production of a wide range of fuels and chemicals from two main groups of feedstocks,i.e.,sugar or lignocellulose-based feedstocks,usually referred to the first or second biorefineries.The first or second biorefineries can substitute the production of petrochemical products and are green and low-carbon.However,feedstocks used in first and second biorefineries are continuously under criticisms,due to their requirement for arable land and fresh water,the reduction in biodiversity,and the release of N_(2)O from fertilized soils.Thus,the first or second biorefineries cannot allow carbon-negative biomanufacturing.Some human activities inevitably produce carbon emissions,and in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,there is an urgent need to develop negative emission technologies to offset these emissions.Currently,reducing or eliminating carbon dioxide emissions alone is no longer sufficient to curb the negative effects of greenhouse gases.Therefore,in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,the third generation biorefinery using carbon dioxide as raw material has attracted more and more attention.Proof of concept studies of the third-generation biorefinery have been made to produce several commodity chemicals,and have suggested that this biomanufacturing can be net carbon negative.Although some microorganisms have shown the
作者
史硕博
王禹博
乔玮博
吴龙昊
刘子鹤
谭天伟
Shuobo Shi;Yubo Wang;Weibo Qiao;Longhao Wu;Zihe Liu;Tianwei Tan(Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第19期2489-2503,共15页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2103500)
天津市合成生物技术创新能力提升行动项目(TSBICIP-KJGG-009)资助
关键词
第三代生物炼制
碳中和
二氧化碳
固碳途径
电催化固碳
光催化固碳
third-generation biorefinery
carbon neutrality
carbon dioxide
carbon fixation pathway
electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
