摘要
基于“轴心期”概念的批评性反思,本文认为,中国的“轴心时代”是西周(公元前1046年—公元前771年),而不是所谓公元前800年—公元前200年的春秋战国时代。西周的礼乐文明,确乎代表了自尧、舜以来某种积古流传之价值体系的制度性显化。西周解体之后,中国文化经历了思想上与制度上的多重突破,至公元前2世纪中叶的汉武帝时代,方始重置了时代思想与西周“轴心文明”的相互关系。经过“后轴心时代”思想与制度之多重突破,儒学终究凸现为古代社会公开的政治意识形态,成为“轴心文明”价值的坚守者与看护者,也因此而成为现实政治的监督者与批判者。正是在儒学展开其自身的历史绵延之中,中国文化的主体性遂得以清晰显现,并为其筑就了独特的“价值屏障”。
This paper presents a critical reflection on the concept of the"axial period"and argues that China's axial period was the Western Zhou dynasty rather than the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.The reason is that the Western Zhou civilization of ritual and music epitomized the institutionalization of the value system that had been passed down through the ancient ages since Yao and Shun.After the decline of the Western Zhou dynasty,Chinese culture underwent considerable intellectual and institutional transformations.However,it was not until the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty in the mid-second century BCE that the relationship between the social thought of the time and the Western Zhou"axial civilization"began to realign.After multiple breakthroughs in thought and institutions in the post-axial era,Confucianism took center stage in the political ideology of ancient Chinese society as a defender and guardian of the values of"axial civilization,"and played a significant role in supervising and criticizing realpolitik.Throughout the continuous development of Confucianism,the main form of Chinese culture gradually took shape and evolved into a unique value system.
作者
董平
Wang Luman(译)
Dong Ping;Wang Luman(Zhejiang University;ShanghaiTech University)
出处
《孔学堂》
2023年第1期4-22,104-115,共31页
Confucian Academy
基金
贵州省2018年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大课题“佛教中国化的思想历程”(项目批准号:18GZGX05)阶段性成果
关键词
雅斯贝斯
轴心期
轴心文明
西周
礼乐文明
Karl Jaspers
Axial Age
axial civilizations
Western Zhou Dynasty
culture of ritual and music
