摘要
要理解孟子的性善论,必须先明了孟子言性之理路。孟子言性之理路与康德很相近。康德言人性,其要点有三:一、人性不是经验物;二、欲望不是人性。在此两点的基础上,康德言人性的关键点在于:人性必须切就自由而言。康德言性之三要点在孟子那里都有所体现,且是我们理解孟子言性之理路的基本点。“天下之言性也”章,无论对“故”作“故实”“陈迹”解,还是对“故”作“所以然”解,都可以归趋切就于存心之自由而论人性上来。一旦切就自由而论人性,则人性必然是善的,且这种善不是伦理学的,而是宗教性的。
To comprehend Mencius's theory of the innate goodness of human nature,one must first understand Mencius's reasoning about human nature.Mencius's approach shares similarities with that of Kant.Kant's discussion of human nature centers around three main points:first,human nature is not an empirical concept;second,desires do not belong to human nature;and third,the previous two points are rooted in the necessity of discussing human nature in terms of freedom.These three points are also echoed by Mencius's philosophy and are fundamental to understanding his reasoning about human nature.Whether the word gu in Mencius 4B:26 is understood as facts or traces of the past,or as indicating cause or reason,human nature is discussed on the basis of preserving a free mind.In such a discussion,human nature is necessarily seen as inherently good,and this goodness is not ethical but rather religious in nature.
作者
张晚林
杨云飞
Hou Jian(译)
Zhang Wanlin;Yang Yunfei;Hou Jian(the Department of Philosophy at Xiangtan University;the School of Foreign Languages at Henan University)
出处
《孔学堂》
CSSCI
2024年第2期29-38,130-140,共21页
Confucian Academy
基金
湖南省教育厅重点项目“先秦思想中的形而上学问题研究”(项目批准号:22A0082)
湘潭大学“儒学文明与中国现代化研究中心”阶段性成果
关键词
康德
自由
性善论
故
宗教性
Kant
freedom
theory of the innate goodness of human nature
gu
religiosity
