摘要
良知被视为王阳明思想的核心概念和根本宗旨。单纯从其是本体的角度不足以揭示出其在阳明思想中的重要性。事实上,“良”意味着其后的“知”直接发自天赋之性(即本体),因而是充分、准确地表达了本体的内容的。“充分”和“准确”表现在它自然能有力地推动人以正确的方式行动。故使得“知”虽然是作用但却具有了本体的意义。由此,“良知”透露了即用是体的信息,而即用是体意味着工夫有可能直接凭借展现于现实世界中的本体亦即良知展开,既不必像朱子主张的那样首先诉诸漫长而艰苦的格物致知工夫,也不必像程明道、陆象山、湛甘泉等主张的那样首先通过顿悟之类方式以充分把握本心。唯有如此理解,才能真正理解阳明重视“良知”一语的根本原因。
Innate knowledge(liangzhi)is the core concept and basic goal of Wang Yangming's philosophy.But simply claiming that it is the original substance is not enough to reveal its significant role in Wang's philosophy.In fact,in the word liangzhi,liang(good,virtuous)is used to define zhi(knowledge),implying that it comes directly from the heaven-endowed inherent nature(or the original substance),so it can naturally guide people to act in the right way.This gives an adequate and accurate portrait of its substantial meaning,so that although zhi is a function,it plays the role of the original substance.It uncovers the hidden idea that liangzhi as a function is identified with the original substance.We can sum up this statement as"the substance consists in its function,"in which moral effort can be realized through liangzhi as the original substance in the real world,rather than through the long and arduous work of investigating things to extend knowledge,as claimed by Zhu Xi,or by the mysterious sudden awakening of the original mind,as claimed by Cheng Hao,Lu Jiuyuan,and Zhan Ruoshui.Only in this sense can we truly appreciate the true reason why Wang Yangming placed liangzhi at the forefront of his philosophy.
作者
傅锡洪
Wang Keyou(译)
Fu Xihong;Wang Keyou(the Boya(Liberal Arts)College at Sun Yat-sen University;the School of Foreign Languages and Literature at Shandong University)
出处
《孔学堂》
CSSCI
2024年第2期73-83,179-188,共21页
Confucian Academy
基金
2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“桐城方氏学派文献整理与研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA030)
2022年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“新编孟子正义”(项目批准号:22&ZD036)阶段性成果
关键词
良知
即用是体
即用见体
作用是性
liangzhi
the substance consists in its function
the substance manifests itself through its function
function is inherent nature
