摘要
在我国已经进入老龄社会的背景下,探讨全面开发和有效利用老年人力资源特别是低龄健康老年人力资源,提高老年人就业水平,对于实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略具有重大现实意义。从积极老龄化视角,利用第六次和第七次全国人口普查数据对老年人口就业情况进行分析。数据显示:我国老年人口整体就业水平较低,但老年人就业的行业分布逐渐多样化;男性老年人口相对于女性老年人口就业率更高,但二者间的差值正在变小;我国老年人口就业率呈现城市<镇<乡村的态势,城市老年人口就业率有上升趋势。随着我国老龄化程度的逐渐加深,老年人口的就业问题应该得到重视。建议:完善老年人就业相关法律法规,社会和家庭需要消除年龄偏见,积极接纳老年人参与就业;鼓励女性老年人口参与就业;为老年人提供更加多样化的职业选择,完善老年教育体系和老年人力资源服务体系;为农村老年人提供更多的经济保障,尽早为农民群体建立更完善的养老保险制度;建立全国统一的老年就业信息平台、发布促进老年人就业的相关政策;等等。
As China has been moving into an aging society,it is of great practical significance to fully tap and effectively use the elderly human resources,especially healthy young elders.Improving the employment level of older people is important for implementing the national strategy of proactively dealing with population aging.From the perspective of active aging,this paper analyzed the employment situation of the elderly population by using the sixth and seventh national census data.It is found that the overall employment level of older adults in China is low,whereas their industry distribution is gradually diversifying.Besides,the employment rate of older men is higher than that of older women,although the gap between the two is narrowing.The employment rate of the rural elderly population shows a trend in which cities are the lowest,towns are in the middle and rural areas are the highest;and the employment rate of urban elderly population is increasing.With the evolvement of population aging in China,the employment of the aged population should be paid attention to.In this regard,this paper proposed the following suggestions.Firstly,improving relevant laws and regulations on employment of the elderly.Secondly,the society and families need to eliminate age prejudice and encourage older adults to participate in the labor market,including female elders.Thirdly,providing more diversified career options for older adults,and improving the elderly education system and human resource service system.Fourthly,providing more economic security for the rural elderly,and improving the endowment insurance system for rural residents as soon as possible.Fifthly,establishing a nationwide information platform for the elderly,releasing relevant information and policies to promote the employment of older people.
作者
翟德华
于存洋
ZHAI Dehua;YU Cunyang(China Research Center on Aging,Beijing 100088,China;School of Statistics,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《老龄科学研究》
2023年第3期14-27,共14页
Scientific Research on Aging
关键词
人口老龄化
老年人就业
普查数据
population aging
employment of older adults
census data
