摘要
人们通常认为亚里士多德的德性伦理学已被康德的义务伦理学所超越,但事实并非如此。亚里士多德的中道不是一种工具理性,而是和康德的道德性一样,是驾驭感性激情的原则,它也包含从合法性向道德性的提升。亚里士多德和康德一样,也以一种超越个人、传统和社群的普遍主义原则为基础和标准,只不过前者的原则是幸福,后者的则是道德法则。两人同样认为道德需要一种面向经验的判断能力。造成两人差异的根本原因不在于普遍主义,而在于不同的行为理论。亚里士多德从行为指向的目的出发寻找普遍的道德原则和标准,康德则从导致行为的意志决定根据出发。亚里士多德已经注意到了幸福和道德的不一致性,但他所处的时代和经历导致他无法对两者的关系进行更为深入的研究。
It is generally thought that Aristotle‘s ethics of virtue has been surpassed by Kant's ethics of duty,but this is actually not true.The“mean”in Aristotle is not an instrumental rationality,but a principle taking hold of emotional passion like the morality in Kant,and it contains the promotion from legitimacy to morality.Like Kant,Aristotle agrees with a universal principle as the foundation and standard,which transcends individual,tradition and community;the difference is only that the principle of Aristotle is happiness,and that of Kant,moral rules.Furthermore,they both agree that morality requires a judgement ability facing the experience.The essential discrepancy between them doesn't lie within their universalism,but their act theory.In looking for the universal moral principles and standards,Aristotle starts from the aims of an action,but Kant starts from the will that decides the action itself.Aristotle has already noticed the inconsistency between happiness and morality,but his epoch and experience limits his further research into the relationship between them.
出处
《伦理学术》
2021年第2期107-124,共18页
Academia Ethica
基金
华中科技大学人文社会科学发展专项基金项目“德国哲学研究”资助(项目编号:5001406007)
