摘要
功利概念对于理解18世纪英国思想史的价值尚未被充分揭示。近年来的研究通过精细的文本和语境分析,发现功利概念在这一时期的道德思考中占据着重要地位,功利与正义、自由和神意间的关系思考影响着启蒙哲人对这一概念的内涵界定。然而,现有研究缺乏对诸多不同内涵的功利概念的整合性思考,没有从宏观角度概括与分析功利概念在18世纪英国的演变逻辑。本文引入功利概念与英国立法文化互动这一新视角,发现以边沁为代表的古典功利主义和以佩利为代表的神学功利主义的出现都与启蒙立法实践的兴盛密切相关。18世纪中后期,立法特别是制定统一司法法典成为流行于全欧洲的实践,同时产生的科学化治理的需求激励着启蒙哲人的创作,令原先零星闪光般的道德思考转向体系化的国家治理知识。
The importance of the philosophical idea“Utility”in the context of the eighteenth-century British intellectual history has not been fully revealed.Recent studies through careful texture and context analysis have identified that“Utility”occupied a crucial role during this period's moral thinking.Thoughts around the relations among“Utility”,“Justice”,“Liberty”and“God's Will”influenced Enlightenment thinkers'definitions of utilitarianism.However,time is ripe for a more systematic account to trace the development of the idea“Utility”.This paper introduces a new perspective,namely,the interaction between“Utility”and the eighteenth-century British legislative culture,and finds that the emergence of the classic utilitarianism Bentham as the major figure and the theological utilitarianism Paley as the major figure,was closely connected with the practice of Enlightenment legislation.In the middle and late eighteenth century,legislation especially the practice of making legal codes universally applicable became a fashion around Europe.Meanwhile,the need to govern more scientifically motivated Enlightenment thinkers to write innovatively,which made the fragmented thinking of moral questions become more systematic knowledge of state governance.
出处
《伦理学术》
2023年第2期202-218,共17页
Academia Ethica
关键词
功利
英国启蒙运动
道德思考
启蒙立法
治理知识
Utility
British Enlightenment
Moral Thinking
Enlightenment Legislation
Governance Knowledg
