摘要
1918年春,西班牙流感传入日本,造成约2400万人感染、39万人死亡。面对新型传染病诱发的突发公共卫生事件,日本中央政府起初未予重视,随后确立佩戴口罩、漱口消毒、预防接种、唤醒国民"自卫心"等指导性方针,但因"治理滞距",前期成效不彰;地方政府和社会团体遵照中央指示,采取启蒙国民思想、打击口罩投机商、限制集会、派遣巡回医疗组、鼓励民众自救等具体措施,在维护社会稳定上获得了"疗效"。中央指导、地方执行、全民动员是近代日本应对突发公共卫生事件的基本模式,凸显了中央集权的权力嵌入结构和集团主义的身体规训特征。
In the spring of 1918,the Spanish influenza spread to Japan,infecting about 24 million people and killing 390 thousand.Facing sudden public health incidents caused by the new infectious disease,the central government of Japan did not pay attention to it at first,and then adopted policies such as wearing masks,mouthwash disinfection,vaccination,and awakening people’s"self-defense".However,due to slow treatment,the effect was not obvious.In accordance with the central government’s instructions,the local governments and social organizations took measures such as exhorting the people,fighting against mask speculators,restricting social gatherings,dispatching itinerant medical teams,and encouraging self-protection.These measures successfully maintained social stability.Central guidance,local implementation and national mobilization were the basic modes of dealing with public health emergencies in modern Japan.They reflected the centralization of the Japanese political power and its discipline on people’s body.
出处
《历史教学问题》
CSSCI
2021年第2期23-29,161,共8页
History Research And Teaching
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境史及其对史学的创新研究”(16ZDA122)
吉林省社会科学基金项目(研究基地项目)“三菱财阀与日本侵华战争研究”(2020J66)成果
