摘要
国民政府迫于战争压力,在四川省普遍设立县市临时参议会,以示扩大政治参与,但临时参议会的实际运作已远远溢出政府预先设定的职权定位。临时参议会除照法律规定开会议事外,其参与最深、牵连最广的县级地方事务为监察粮政。在更深介入基层社会税收征收环节时,荣县临时参议会实现了从“表达民意”到“问责政府”的转变,并将监督的对象直指荣县最高行政长官。此种变化反映出在基层社会中已呈现有部分的“权力均势”,这种“均势”在荣县临时参议会的运作中得到自然地生发与成长,并形成对“治权”的钳制,从而使“治权”与“民权”的平衡成为可能。虽然县参议员并未通过选举产生,因而不具备广泛的代表性,并经常被评价为一场夭折了的“民主实验”,但其毕竟体现了一定程度的“民主突破”,其经验值得今日反思与借鉴。
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Nanjing National government generally set up provisional council of counties and cities in Sichuan province to expand political participation,but the actual operation of the provisional council has far exceeded the goal set by the government.In addition to holding meetings in accordance with the law,the provisional council is involved in the deepest and broadest local affairs at the county level to supervise the collection of grain.In the deeper involvement of the grass-roots social tax collection,rong County provisional council has realized the transformation from“expressing public opinion”to“accountability government”,and the object of supervision is directed at the highest executive of Rong County.This kind of change reflects that there has been some“balance of power”in the grassroots society,which has naturally grown and grown in the operation of rong County provisional council,and formed a restraint on“governance”,so that the balance between“governance”and“civil rights”becomes possible.Although county senators are not elected,they do not have broad representativeness,and are often evaluated as a failed“democratic experiment”,but it reflects a certain degree of“democratic breakthrough”,and its experience is worth reflecting and drawing lessons from today.
出处
《民间法》
2022年第2期195-211,共17页
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“民国荣县档案整理与研究”(13&ZD152)的阶段性成果
关键词
临时参议会
地方自治
监察粮政
民主突破
provisional council
local autonomy
the supervision of grain administration
breakthrough of democracy
