摘要
我国历史上曾长期存在着通过祭祀祈祷来禳除蝗虫的办法,不过,在北宋前期,由于传统儒家祀典的衰落,官方的禳蝗祭祀不得不求助于佛教或道教。直到宋仁宗庆历年间,伴随着排斥异端与重建古礼的需要,官方通过对“酺”字义的厘正,建构了以驱蝗为目标的祭酺礼,并在南宋时将之纳入吉礼。从宋代的祭酺实践来看,由于祭酺礼并非常祀,面对佛、道二教及民间祠神在禳蝗活动中的竞争,祭酺难以获得民众的广泛认同。但是,由于酺神具有自然神与人格神的双重特征,它的出现为明清时期驱蝗神的人格化转向铺平了道路。
In the history of China,there had long existed a method of exorcising locusts through prayer.However,in the early northern Song Dynasty,due to the de-cline of traditional Confucian sacrificial rites,the official sacrificial rites for exorcising locusts had to resort to Buddhism or Taoism.In the Qingli period,with the need of ostracizing heresy and rebuilding ancient rites,the official constructed the“JiPuLi”with the goal of repealing locusts by correcting the meaning of the word“Pu”,and incorporated it into the auspicious rites in the Southern Song Dynasty.From the practice of“JiPu”in Song Dynasty,because“JiPuLi”was not often held as a sacri-fice,“JiPu”was difficult to be widely recognized by the people in the face of the com-petition between Buddhism and Taoismn and folk beliefs in the activity of exorcism.However,because“PuShen”has the dual characteristics of nature god and personal-ity god,its appearance paved the way for the personification of the god of exorcism in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
关键词
宋代
蝗灾
祭酺神
礼制
The Song Dynasty
Locust plague
JuPuShen
Ritual
