摘要
多功能果园作业平台主要应用于梨、苹果等容易因碰撞造成表皮损伤的鲜果采摘,同时兼有果品运输、枝干修剪及疏花疏果等运载平台功能,可显著提高果农工作效率和降低劳动强度。近年来,随着我国果园轻简化管理技术的推广应用,多功能果园作业平台设备快速发展,因平台上作业属于半高空和高空作业,其安全性备受关注。基于多功能果园作业平台的通过性、升降机构、自动调平技术及防侧翻4个方面的研究进展,介绍了履带式及轮式行走装置的优缺点及在国内外的具体应用,套缸式、剪叉式、曲臂式及链式升降机构应用场景,自动调平技术的研究进展及在果园应用中的调平水平、平台侧翻评价指标,以及利用该指标进行侧翻预警和主动防侧控制的方法,并提出多功能果园作业平台农机农艺融合、导航技术及智能机械手等多技术融合方向发展趋势,以期为提高作业平台的技术水平及安全性提供参考。
Multifunctional orchard operating platform is mainly used for picking fresh fruits such as pears and apples that are prone to damage skin due to collisions.It also has functions of carrying platforms such as fruit transportation,branch pruning,and thinning of flowers and fruits.This machine can significantly improve work efficiency of fruit farmers and reduce labor intensity.In recent years,with popularization and application of light and simplified management technology for orchards in our country,multifunctional orchard operation platform equipment has developed rapidly.Because operation on platform belongs to semialtitude and high-altitude operations,its safety has attracted much attention.Existing research was elaborated in four aspects:pass ability of multifunctional orchard operating platform,lifting mechanism,automatic leveling technology and anti-rollover research.Advantages and disadvantages of crawler and wheeled walking devices and their applications in specific types of orchards at home and abroad were introduced.Application scenarios of cylinder type,scissor type,crank arm type and chain drive lifting mechanism and lifting mechanism most suitable for orchard operations were described.Research progress of automatic leveling technology and leveling accuracy in its application in orchard were reviewed.And brief description of rollover evaluation index and use of the index for rollover warning and active side prevention control methods were also introduced.Finally,it was pointed out that future multifunctional orchard operation platform would develop towards integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,navigation technology and intelligent manipulator,and multi-technology integration,which would promote safety of multifunctional orchard operation platform.
作者
刘理民
何雄奎
刘亚佳
LIU Limin;HE Xiongkui;LIU Yajia(College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《农业工程》
2020年第12期7-13,共7页
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(项目编号:CARS-28-20)
关键词
果园
安全性
稳定性
作业平台
orchard
safety
stability
operating platform
