摘要
一些学者往往把制止知识产权滥用(专利滥用)归结为民法中的禁止权利滥用的延伸,认为反垄断的基础就是禁止权利滥用,将知识产权滥用行为与滥用知识产权支配地位两者间画上等号,甚至出现"滥用是对市场支配权利的不正当使用"之类结论。但从依赖路径观之,"权利滥用原则"这一概念主要是在民法法系中出现和成长起来的。尽管"知识产权滥用"和"权利滥用"两个概念看似关系密切,实际上,知识产权滥用和民法中的权利滥用并无直接关联。虽然滥用权利与滥用市场支配地位表面上相似,但事实上,滥用市场支配地位是反垄断法中的专有概念,"市场支配地位"不是"权利"。知识产权法赋予某问题特定的技术解决方案或表达的某种形式"微观垄断",并不一定能够带来市场力量。反垄断法是保护竞争过程之法,知识产权法是保护竞争成果之法。知识产权行使行为违反反垄断法是滥用知识产权行为的一种,是构成滥用知识产权行为的充分但不必要条件。专利权滥用抗辩与反垄断诉讼的法律后果不同,并不导致专利权的无效。
Some scholars often regard the prevention of intellectual property abuse(patent abuse)as an extension of the prohibition of abuse of rights in civil law.They argue that the basis of anti-monopoly is to prohibit the abuse of rights,equate the abuse of intellectual property rights with the abuse of dominant position by intellectual property rights,and even lead to the conclusion that"abuse is the improper use of market dominant rights".However,from the perspective of dependent approach,the principle of abuse of rights"has emerged and grown up in the civil law system.Although the two concepts of"abuse of intellectual property rights"and abuse of rights"seem to be closely related,in fact,the abuse of intellectual property rights is not directly related to the abuse of rights in civil law.Although abuse of rights is similar to abuse of market dominance on the surface,in fact,abuse of market dominance is a special concept in anti-monopoly law,and"market dominant position"is not"right".The"micro monopoly"that the intellectual property law gives a specific technical solution or expression to a certain problem does not necessarily bring about market power.Anti-monopoly law is the law to protect the process of competition,while intellectual property law is the law to protect the fruits of competition.The violation of antitrust law in the exercise of intellectual property rights is a kind of the acts of abusing intellectual property rights,which is a sufficient but unnecessary condition for the abuse of intellectual property rights.The legal consequences of patent abuse defense and antitrust litigation are different,which does not lead to the invalidation of patent rights.
出处
《人大法律评论》
2020年第2期87-134,共48页
Renmin University Law Review
关键词
权利滥用
专利权滥用抗辩
滥用市场支配地位
制度保护
right abuse
patent abuse defense
abuse of market dominant position
institutional protection
