摘要
2006年以来,在甘肃张家川马家塬战国墓地连续发掘15个年头,发掘墓葬78座,祭祀坑3个,出土各类文物3600多件(组)。前期的考古简报已经发表,^(①)并有一些研究性论著。墓葬布局规模之大、随葬品等级之豪华以及出土物之丰富,在辽阔的西部地区还是第一次。随着发掘工作的陆续进行,对该墓地文化属性即族属问题的讨论也陆续开展起来。根据史书的记载和传统说法,周秦以来对中原地区以外的周边部族大体以东夷、南蛮、西戎、北狄而概之,对地处西部地区的张家川马家塬墓地以西戎墓地和戎人墓地来归属,应该没有多大问题。
It is generally believed that Yuezhi(月氏)and Wusun(乌孙)lived in the Hexi Corridor(河西走廊)in western Gansu Province,known as the“Dunhuang Qilian Range”,before their westward migration(176-160 BC).But since 2006,more than 3,600 pieces(groups)of various cultural relics have been unearthed from 78 large tombs and three sacrificial pits excavated at the Warring States Cemetery in Zhangjiachuan(张家川),Majiayuan(马家塬),Gansu Province.Some of them are left over from the Central Plains culture,while others are closely related to the northern grassland culture.A significant number have roots in the so-called Scythian(斯基泰)cultures of Central Asia and the Altai region.According to the“Yuezhi”recorded in the Han slips(汉简),the Yuezhi Dao(月氏道)of Anding County in the Book of Han·Geographical Records(《汉书·地理志》),and the recently discovered Yuezhi Qian Fan(月氏钱范)in Chongxin County(崇信),Gansu Province.The article holds that the cultural attribute of Zhangjiachuan Majiayuan Tomb should belong to Yuezhi who had lived in Gansu as early as the Warring States Period,but it is too broad to define this as XiRong(西戎).Accordingly,Zhangjiachuan Majiayuan cemetery should be with the same period of Bazereke(巴泽雷克)tomb belongs to the same culture.Similarly,a large number of gold ornaments in the tomb are related to the inheritance of the gold tombs in Siberkand(席比尔甘),Afghanistan,after the Yuezhi moved westward.They belong to the same culture,that is,they belong to the cultural legacy of the Yuezhi in this vast area.Thus,the Yuezhi’s centuries of cultural exchanges between East and West,not to mention the spread of Buddhism during the Kushan Empire,and their role on the Silk Road,require careful study and re-evaluation.
作者
张德芳
Zhang Defang(Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities,Shaanxi Normal University;Gansu Jiandu Museum)
出处
《丝绸之路研究集刊》
2022年第2期14-23,524-525,共12页
Journal of the Silk Road Studies
