摘要
民国时期的乡村师范教育运动是一场在20世纪20年代由民间教育家发起,旨在专门培养乡村小学教师,以达到振兴乡村目的的社会运动,在当时曾一度取得了一定成效。南京国民政府建立以后,全国各地乡村师范学校逐渐纳入国家教育体制之内,乡村师范教育在国民政府和教育界的提倡下办学数量迅速增加,实现了表面的繁荣。但乡村师范学校承载着振兴乡村的愿望,开销项目甚多,校舍需求量大且要求位于乡村附近,较为单一的经费来源无法满足上述要求,造成学校普遍存在经费不足、校舍条件过差等问题。究其深层原因,乃是乡村师范学校的扩张速度远远大于政府支持力度,加之政府主导下的乡村师范学校性质此时出现异变,乡村师范学校独立自主和致力于改造乡村社会的精神在国民政府的监管下受到一定冲击,致使改造乡村社会的功能逐渐衰退,乡村师范学校办学条件逐步恶化,办学质量日趋降低,失去了应有的价值,沦为南京国民政府装点教育门面的装饰品。
The rural teacher education movement during the Republic of China period was a social movement initiated by private educators in the 1920 s to train teachers in primary schools in rural areas,to achieve the purpose of revitalizing the countryside.At that time,it had achieved certain results.After the establishment of Nanjing National Government,rural normal schools across the country were gradually incorporated into the national education system.The number of rural normal schools promoted by the national government had increased rapidly,achieving superficial prosperity.However,the rural normal schools had large expenditure and urge demand for school buildings near the villages.A relatively single source of funding could not meet the above requirements,resulting in general problems such as insufficient funding and poor school facilities.The underlying reason was that the expansion speed of rural normal schools was much faster than government support.In addition,the nature of rural normal schools under the leadership of the government had changed at that time,and the independence and commitment of the rural normal schools to transform rural society was affected under the supervision of the national government.Therefore,the function of rural normal schools in transforming rural society gradually declined,the school conditions gradually deteriorated,and the quality of education reduced.The rural normal school lost its value and became an ornament for the Nanjing National Government to decorate the education facade.
作者
马斗成
张世煜
Ma Doucheng;Zhang Shiyu
出处
《中国社会历史评论》
2021年第2期93-109,289-290,共19页
Chinese Social History Review
关键词
乡村师范教育运动
南京国民政府
乡村师范学校
校舍
Rural teacher education movement
Nanjing National Government
rural normal school
