摘要
人民治黄70年以来对黄河下游进行了系统治理,形成了“上拦下排、两岸分滞”的下游防洪工程体系。同时还实施了滩区安全建设和“二级悬河”治理试验,开展了大量研究工作,形成了“宽河固堤”“分区运用”“窄河固堤”和“滩区再造和生态治理”等大量研究成果。本文主要根据黄河在上世纪三次大的洪峰过程,结合《黄河流域综合规划》(2012—2030年)提出的“稳定主槽、调水调沙,宽河固堤、政策补偿”的黄河下游河道治理战略,通过查阅“二级悬河”治理试验数据和国家重点研发项目“黄河下游河道与滩区治理”课题七实地勘测数据资料分析,探索性地提出下游滩区初步治理设想,仅供参考。研究表明:(1)从实测滩槽冲淤来看,上世纪80年代后期到90年代,嫩滩和主槽淤积量占到全河道淤积量的70%以上。(2)从来水来沙变化情况来看,进入下游80%~90%的泥沙由4000 m^(3)/s以下流量携带,能够随漫滩洪水进入滩区的沙量将非常有限,若没有人工干预,“二级悬河”将继续发育。(3)从典型洪水模拟分析结果来看,现状滩区,洪水漫滩将造成大量淹没损失,虽然滩区仍能够发挥明显的滞洪作用,但由于生产堤的存在,洪水不易归槽,退水困难,存在横向水流顶冲堤防和顺堤行洪等问题。为解决滩区安全问题,“两道防线”与河道生态修复思路相结合形成的“三滩分区共治”方案对于黄河未来治理最为可行,可为开展下游河道和滩区综合提升治理工程建设提供技术支撑。
Since the start of Yellow River management 70 years ago,the lower reaches of the Yellow River have been systematically managed,forming a downstream flood control engineering system of"up and down the row,cross-strait separation and delay".At the same time,the beach area safety construction and"second-level suspended river"management experiment was carried out,resulting in a large number of research work such as"wide river embankment","partition application","narrow river embankment"and"beach area reconstruction and ecological management".This paper mainly,according to the Yellow River three major flood peak process in the last century,combined with the"Yellow River Basin Comprehensive Plan"(2012—2030)which put forward the"stabilization of the main channel,water transfer sand,wide river embankment,policy compensation"of the lower reaches of the Yellow River river management strategy,through the review of the"second-level suspended river"management test data and the national key research and development project"Yellow River downstream river and beach area management"project seven field survey data analysis,puts foruard tencative idea of the downstream beach area governance for reference only.Through the research,it is shown that:(1)From the measured beach trough silting,from the late 1980 s to the 1990 s,the amount of siltation of the Nentan and main trough accounted for more than 70%of the total river siltation.(2)From the change of water-to-sand situation,80%to 90%of the sediment was sent by 4000 m^(3)/s flow into the downstream;the sand follow the flood into the beach area will be very limited;if there is no manual intervention,"secondary suspended river"will continue to develop.(3)From the typical flood simulation analysis results,according to the status of quo beach area flood will cause a large number of flood damage,although the beach area can still have obvious flood detention effect;but because of the existence of the production embankment,flood is not easy to return to the trough,and in addition to wate
作者
苏立志
鲁详磊
龚西城
SU Lizhi;LU Xianglei;GONG Xicheng(Shandong Heze Yellow River Project Limited Company,Heze 274000,Shandong,China)
出处
《水利水电技术（中英文）》
北大核心
2021年第S02期366-370,共5页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家重点科技研发计划项目(2016YFC0402507)
关键词
黄河下游
滩区治理
洪水影响
分区共治
生态工程
Yellow River downstream
beach area government
flood influence
the district altogether governs
ecological engineering
